Mary found an interaction between a defendant's gender (male or female) and their appearance (attractive or unattractive) on judgments of criminal behaviour. She analyzes the difference between judgments for unattractive defendants who are male or female. She then performs the same analysis for attractive males and females. Mary has examined the

Mary found an interaction between a defendant's gender (male or female) and their appearance (attractive or unattractive) on judgments of criminal behaviour....

A 2 x 2 factorial design was used to study the effects of participant gender and style of persuasion on attitude change using 40 individuals. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.

A 2 x 2 factorial design was used to study the effects of participant gender and style of persuasion on attitude change using 40 individuals. This is...

With ____, the results are analyzed as if you had separate experiments at each level of the other independent variable, while _____ examines the effect of an independent variable irrespective of the levels of the other independent variable.

With ____, the results are analyzed as if you had separate experiments at each level of the other independent variable, while _____ examines the effect...

In a 4 x 3 factorial design, for a completely independent groups design with 10 participants per group, how many participants will you need?

In a 4 x 3 factorial design, for a completely independent groups design with 10 participants per group, how many participants will you need? a. 70 b....

A factorial design involves

A factorial design involves a. manipulating two or more independent variables. b. having multiple dependent measures. c. manipulating two or more...

In a study examining the effect of room illumination (low, medium, high) and room temperature (cold, warm, hot) on test performance, how many main effects are possible?

In a study examining the effect of room illumination (low, medium, high) and room temperature (cold, warm, hot) on test performance, how many main effects...

Which of the following is LEAST correct regarding the effect size? The effect size

Which of the following is LEAST correct regarding the effect size? The effect size a. is heavily influenced by the sample size. b. refers to the strength...

What is the difference between an interval and a ratio scale? A ratio scale _____ while an interval scales does not.

What is the difference between an interval and a ratio scale? A ratio scale _____ while an interval scales does not. a. has an absolute zero b. indicates...

A teacher writes the results of a test on the board: 7 students received As, 10 students received Bs, 18 students received Cs, 4 students received Ds, and 1 student received an F. In statistical terms, this is a

A teacher writes the results of a test on the board: 7 students received As, 10 students received Bs, 18 students received Cs, 4 students received Ds,...

The standard deviation would be an appropriate measure of variability only if the variable is measured on a(n) _____ scale

The standard deviation would be an appropriate measure of variability only if the variable is measured on a(n) _____ scale a. nominal b. ratio c....

In graphically depicting frequency distributions, _____ are used to display categorical variables while _____ are used to display quantitative variables.

In graphically depicting frequency distributions, _____ are used to display categorical variables while _____ are used to display quantitative variables. a....

Which one of the following is NOT one of the three basic ways of describing results discussed in your text?

Which one of the following is NOT one of the three basic ways of describing results discussed in your text? a. Compare group assignments. b. Compare...

A researcher studies one group of children when they are 3, 6, and 9 years old and another group of children when they are 9, 12, and 15 years old. The researcher has used the ______ method.

A researcher studies one group of children when they are 3, 6, and 9 years old and another group of children when they are 9, 12, and 15 years old....

A researcher learns that a program designed to reduce truancy in junior high school students is not successful because the staff has not been adequately trained to deal with truancy. This finding should have occurred in which phase of program evaluation?

A researcher learns that a program designed to reduce truancy in junior high school students is not successful because the staff has not been adequately...

In a program designed to help teenagers gain summer employment, a researcher measures whether or not the program has actually increased the number of teenagers finding jobs. The researcher is involved in which phase of evaluation?

In a program designed to help teenagers gain summer employment, a researcher measures whether or not the program has actually increased the number of...

Which is the more common method, longitudinal or cross-sectional?

Which is the more common method, longitudinal or cross-sectional? a. Cross-sectional because the results are obtained over longer periods of time. b....

Selection differences in the non-equivalent control group design are

Selection differences in the non-equivalent control group design are a. problematic because they challenge the interval validity of the study. b....

A human resources psychologist is interested in the effect of work schedule on job satisfaction. She compares satisfaction scores of workers who work five 8-hour shifts with workers who work four 10-hour shifts. What type of design has the manager employed?

A human resources psychologist is interested in the effect of work schedule on job satisfaction. She compares satisfaction scores of workers who work...

A program was designed to address the problem of Venetian refugees in Oak Hills. However, it was discovered that there were no Venetian refugees living in Oak Hills. Had this program been comprehensively evaluated from the start, this fact would have been discovered during a(n) _____ evaluation.

A program was designed to address the problem of Venetian refugees in Oak Hills. However, it was discovered that there were no Venetian refugees living...

A study involves a 3 x 4 x 2 factorial design. How many independent variables are being studied?

A study involves a 3 x 4 x 2 factorial design. How many independent variables are being studied? a. 9 b. 4 c. 24 d. 3 Answer: ...

In the early stages of a research project, the researcher would want as _____ as possible in order to demonstrate that a relationship between variables exists.

In the early stages of a research project, the researcher would want as _____ as possible in order to demonstrate that a relationship between variables...

Responses by participants to interviews and questionnaires are _______ measures.

Responses by participants to interviews and questionnaires are _______ measures. a. self-report b. physiological c. valid d. behavioural Answer:...

Participants consume 8, 16, 24, or 32 ounces of alcohol and are then asked to recite the alphabet as quickly as possible. The amount of time it takes the participant to correctly recite the alphabet would be an example of a _____ measure.

Participants consume 8, 16, 24, or 32 ounces of alcohol and are then asked to recite the alphabet as quickly as possible. The amount of time it takes...

A researcher who measures the speed of helping in an emergency is using a ________ measure.

A researcher who measures the speed of helping in an emergency is using a ________ measure. a. behavioural b. physiological c. self-report d. reactive Answer:...

A ceiling effect occurs when a measure results in too many

A ceiling effect occurs when a measure results in too many a. scores. b. minimum scores. c. maximum scores. d. median scores. Answer: maximum sc...

A researcher conducts his study with a small number of participants in order to reveal whether the instructions and procedures are clearly understood. This procedure is an example of a

A researcher conducts his study with a small number of participants in order to reveal whether the instructions and procedures are clearly understood....

In a study examining the effect of appearance on judgments of criminal behaviour, a researcher asks questions about the surroundings and the victim in order to disguise the dependent measures in the study. These unrelated questions are referred to as

In a study examining the effect of appearance on judgments of criminal behaviour, a researcher asks questions about the surroundings and the victim...

Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of staged manipulations? Staged manipulations

Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of staged manipulations? Staged manipulations a. are used to involve participants in an...

A researcher designed an experiment to test the effects of a top-secret vitamin supplement on the strength of weight-lifters. Thimble lifting would not be a useful measure of strength because thimble lifting

A researcher designed an experiment to test the effects of a top-secret vitamin supplement on the strength of weight-lifters. Thimble lifting would...

A researcher presents his dog with a bowl of normal dog food and a bowl of vitamin enriched dog food. He then records the amount of each type of food the dog consumes as a measure of his dog's food preference. What kind of measure has the researcher used?

A researcher presents his dog with a bowl of normal dog food and a bowl of vitamin enriched dog food. He then records the amount of each type of food...

A manipulation check is especially important in studies

A manipulation check is especially important in studies a. using independent groups. b. using double-blind procedures. c. when nonsignificant results...

A psychologist is interested in the effect of physical attractiveness on ratings of punishment assigned to a driver in an automobile accident. Participants read an account of the accident and received a written description of a physically attractive or unattractive defendant. The manipulation of attractiveness would be an example of a _____ manipulation.

A psychologist is interested in the effect of physical attractiveness on ratings of punishment assigned to a driver in an automobile accident. Participants...

In drug research, a(n) _____ has occurred when it is unclear whether improvement is due to properties of the drug or the expectation about the effect of the drug.

In drug research, a(n) _____ has occurred when it is unclear whether improvement is due to properties of the drug or the expectation about the effect...

Why would an investigator use more than one dependent measure?

Why would an investigator use more than one dependent measure? a. It is useful to know if the independent variable affects some measures but not others. b....

Without informing them, a researcher assigns participants to either an experimental or a placebo group. The researcher's assistants who test the participants do not know who belongs in which group. The experiment has used a

Without informing them, a researcher assigns participants to either an experimental or a placebo group. The researcher's assistants who test the participants...

When a researcher submits a paper to a journal for publication, other researchers knowledgeable in the area of research carefully scrutinize the paper and recommend acceptance or rejection. This process is known as

When a researcher submits a paper to a journal for publication, other researchers knowledgeable in the area of research carefully scrutinize the paper...

Strong manipulations are used to ________ the effect of the ________ variable.

Strong manipulations are used to ________ the effect of the ________ variable. a. minimize; dependent b. maximize; independent c. maximize; dependent d....

Which of the following physiological measures would you recommend a researcher use to compare brain images between individuals with and without Alzheimer's disease?

Which of the following physiological measures would you recommend a researcher use to compare brain images between individuals with and without Alzheimer's...

Which physiological measure is frequently used to measure muscle tension?

Which physiological measure is frequently used to measure muscle tension? a. GSR (galvanic skin response) b. fMRI (functional MRI) c. EMG (electromyogram) d....

Investigators will sometimes use deception in the procedures to address the problem of

Investigators will sometimes use deception in the procedures to address the problem of a. third variables. b. demand characteristics. c. ceiling effects. d....

A researcher wants to find out whether campers prefer cotton or nylon sleeping bags. A troop of boy campers tried cotton and a troop of girl campers tried nylon sleeping bags. The sleeping bags were rated for softness and warmth. The confounding variable is

A researcher wants to find out whether campers prefer cotton or nylon sleeping bags. A troop of boy campers tried cotton and a troop of girl campers...

A developmental psychologist measures aggressive behaviour in a group of second-grade children before and then again after viewing an aggressive cartoon. This design would best represent a(n) _______ design.

A developmental psychologist measures aggressive behaviour in a group of second-grade children before and then again after viewing an aggressive cartoon....

Which one of the following accurately describes a disadvantage of specifically using a pretest-posttest design?

Which one of the following accurately describes a disadvantage of specifically using a pretest-posttest design? a. This design does not allow you...

To control for order effects in a repeated measures design, you should ideally use

To control for order effects in a repeated measures design, you should ideally use a. a long time interval between conditions. b. an independent groups...

Participants solve several anagram puzzles over the course of 30 minutes. Even though the puzzles were known to be of equal difficulty, participants solved the puzzles in less and less time as the 30-minute period progressed. This is likely the result of a _____ effect.

Participants solve several anagram puzzles over the course of 30 minutes. Even though the puzzles were known to be of equal difficulty, participants...

In testing the effect of noise on performance of a task, Ernie tests half of the participants in a cool, comfortable, quiet room, and the other half in a hot, noisy room. Ernie's failure to control for temperature of the room may result in a(n)

In testing the effect of noise on performance of a task, Ernie tests half of the participants in a cool, comfortable, quiet room, and the other half...

When a confound is discovered in an experiment,

When a confound is discovered in an experiment, a. internal validity is challenged. b. external validity is challenged. c. external validity can be...

A Latin Square design is used when

A Latin Square design is used when a. the independent groups are too costly. b. repeated measures cannot be used. c. complete counterbalancing requires...

A researcher wants to examine the effect of room temperature on task performance. She places one group of participants in a room that is 54 degrees, a second group in a room that is 72 degrees, and a third in a room that is 90 degrees. She then measures the amount of time it takes each group to complete an identical task. This design would best represent a(n) _______ design.

A researcher wants to examine the effect of room temperature on task performance. She places one group of participants in a room that is 54 degrees,...

Gabriel measures participants on a variable of interest and rank orders them according to their scores. He then places them in pairs in which each member has approximately the same score as the other member in the pair. The members of each pair are then randomly assigned to the conditions in the experiment. Gabriel's method of participant assignment is an example of a _____ design.

Gabriel measures participants on a variable of interest and rank orders them according to their scores. He then places them in pairs in which each member...

A design that has two conditions with different participants in each condition is a(n) ______ design.

A design that has two conditions with different participants in each condition is a(n) ______ design. a. pretest-posttest b. repeated measures c....

When individuals participate in only one condition, it is a(n) _____ design. When individuals participate in all conditions, it is a(n) _____ design.

When individuals participate in only one condition, it is a(n) _____ design. When individuals participate in all conditions, it is a(n) _____ design. a....

If you cannot use all possible orders in a repeated measures design, a good alternative is to use

If you cannot use all possible orders in a repeated measures design, a good alternative is to use a. complete counterbalancing. b. a reversal design. c....

One problem with the pretest-posttest design is that

One problem with the pretest-posttest design is that a. the pretest may sensitize participants to the true purpose of the experiment. b. pretests...

Improvement of performance as a result of repeated exposure to a task is referred to as a _____ effect. However, deterioration of performance as a result of repeated exposure to a task is referred to as a _____ effect.

Improvement of performance as a result of repeated exposure to a task is referred to as a _____ effect. However, deterioration of performance as a result...

Jesse states that in his experiment, he has counterbalanced his conditions. What does this mean?

Jesse states that in his experiment, he has counterbalanced his conditions. What does this mean? a. He has an equal number of participants in all...

In order to examine environmental factors that influence alcohol consumption, Henry asks the same set of participants to come to the laboratory on several consecutive occasions and fill out a questionnaire before drinking any alcohol. Henry finds that over time, fewer and fewer participants show up to fill out the questionnaire. This lack of continued participant involvement is an example of a _____ problem.

In order to examine environmental factors that influence alcohol consumption, Henry asks the same set of participants to come to the laboratory on several...

A design that has two conditions with the same participants in each condition is a(n) ________ design.

A design that has two conditions with the same participants in each condition is a(n) ________ design. a. independent groups b. repeated measures c....

An investigator wants to see whether packaging information affects the way people rate breakfast cereal. The same cereal is put in three packages: (a) a brown box that says, "To start your day off with a smile"; (b) a yellow box that says, "For extra energy all day"; and (c) a white box that says, "Fortified with B complex and iron." In this study the

An investigator wants to see whether packaging information affects the way people rate breakfast cereal. The same cereal is put in three packages: (a)...

A matched pairs design is used when

A matched pairs design is used when a. a nonexperimental design restricts the population of participants. b. it is too expensive to use simple random...

"Should residents of the city spend more money on parks and road improvements?" is an example of a ________ question.

"Should residents of the city spend more money on parks and road improvements?" is an example of a ________ question. a. leading b. double-barreled c....

A _____ sample size will _____ the size of the confidence interval.

A _____ sample size will _____ the size of the confidence interval. a. large; reduce b. small; not effect c. large; expand d. small; reduce Answer:...

If you want to assess political allegiances amongst registered voters in Vancouver classified by social class and age, you might randomly select voters from each subgroup according to their proportion in the entire city. This sampling technique is called ________ sampling.

If you want to assess political allegiances amongst registered voters in Vancouver classified by social class and age, you might randomly select voters...

In survey research, when individuals tend to respond to all questions from a particular perspective rather than to the content of the question, they are displaying

In survey research, when individuals tend to respond to all questions from a particular perspective rather than to the content of the question, they...

Which of the following behaviours would a researcher be least likely to do to increase response rates when employing telephone or mail surveys?

Which of the following behaviours would a researcher be least likely to do to increase response rates when employing telephone or mail surveys? a....

Students are asked to evaluate the food sold in the university cafeteria on 7-point scales with bipolar adjectives such as poor-good and inexpensive-expensive. These measures represent what type of scale?

Students are asked to evaluate the food sold in the university cafeteria on 7-point scales with bipolar adjectives such as poor-good and inexpensive-expensive....

The adequacy of your _____ will influence your ability to generalize your results.

The adequacy of your _____ will influence your ability to generalize your results. a. response set b. confidence interval c. sampling error d. sampling...

Asking participants in a survey if they agree with the statement "I like spending my free time with other people" and later in the survey asking in they agree with the statement "I enjoy being alone during my free time" will help in identifying

Asking participants in a survey if they agree with the statement "I like spending my free time with other people" and later in the survey asking in...

A researcher wants to study math achievement in sixth graders. The researcher obtains a list of all elementary school districts in the province, randomly selects 5 percent of the districts, and administers achievement tests to all sixth graders in these districts. This sampling method is called ________ sampling.

A researcher wants to study math achievement in sixth graders. The researcher obtains a list of all elementary school districts in the province, randomly...

When Carl responds to the questions on a survey, he answers in a way that would reflect most favourably on him. Carl's behaviour best illustrates

When Carl responds to the questions on a survey, he answers in a way that would reflect most favourably on him. Carl's behaviour best illustrates a....

In a naturalistic observation, which of the following data-collection techniques would a researcher be least likely to employ?

In a naturalistic observation, which of the following data-collection techniques would a researcher be least likely to employ? a. Use audio and videotape...

A researcher codes the nonverbal behaviours of married couples while they are discussing child-rearing methods. The researcher is using

A researcher codes the nonverbal behaviours of married couples while they are discussing child-rearing methods. The researcher is using a. systematic...

In developing coding systems, they should

In developing coding systems, they should a. be as simple as possible. b. be as complex as possible. c. include only nonverbal behaviours. d. not...

A two-year account of the progress of a manic-depressive patient who is undergoing psychiatric care is an example of a

A two-year account of the progress of a manic-depressive patient who is undergoing psychiatric care is an example of a a. case study. b. field experiment. c....

What is a major distinction between quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods? Quantitative techniques use ____ while qualitative techniques involve _____.

What is a major distinction between quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods? Quantitative techniques use ____ while qualitative techniques...

A researcher conducted an in-depth examination of Jack the Ripper and concluded that there are three possible reasons for why he became a mass murderer. This research approach is an example of a

A researcher conducted an in-depth examination of Jack the Ripper and concluded that there are three possible reasons for why he became a mass murderer....

The research approach in which the researcher does not actually collect original data but analyzes already existing data is called

The research approach in which the researcher does not actually collect original data but analyzes already existing data is called a. naturalistic...

James analyzed data from the General Social Survey (GSS) by Statistics Canada in order to examine the relationship between education and life satisfaction. This research approach may best be categorized as a

James analyzed data from the General Social Survey (GSS) by Statistics Canada in order to examine the relationship between education and life satisfaction....

The goal of naturalistic observation is to

The goal of naturalistic observation is to a. test theoretical hypotheses. b. get quick answers to theoretical questions. c. describe in detail people's...

Luis studies a newspaper's attitudes towards candidates for the position of Police Chief by counting the number of positive and negative comments attributed to each candidate. Luis's research approach is an example of a

Luis studies a newspaper's attitudes towards candidates for the position of Police Chief by counting the number of positive and negative comments attributed...

Which of the following mechanisms of forgetting has the least evidence that it occurs?

Which of the following mechanisms of forgetting has the least evidence that it occurs? a. proactive interference - old memories interfere with new...

In a study by Jenkins and Dallenbach (1924), students who slept during the time between learning new information and testing remembered better than those who remained awake. The study supported the idea that forgetting is due to ________ .

In a study by Jenkins and Dallenbach (1924), students who slept during the time between learning new information and testing remembered better than...

What does the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve show?

What does the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve show? a. Meaningful information is retained in memory nine times longer than meaningless information. b....

Roderick was hit so hard when he caught the winning touchdown pass on the last play of the game that he was knocked out. When he regained consciousness, he was unable to remember any of the game. Roderick is suffering from ________ .

Roderick was hit so hard when he caught the winning touchdown pass on the last play of the game that he was knocked out. When he regained consciousness,...

In an experiment, Loftus and Palmer (1974) asked students to watch a video of a car accident. Some students were asked to estimate the speed of the cars as they "smashed" into each other; others were asked the speed of the cars when they "contacted" each other. Which students were likely to remember seeing broken glass?

In an experiment, Loftus and Palmer (1974) asked students to watch a video of a car accident. Some students were asked to estimate the speed of the...

Memory researchers believe that most, if not all, forgetting is caused by

Memory researchers believe that most, if not all, forgetting is caused by a. encoding failure - the memories were never stored in the first place. b....

What is the advantage of schema-based remembering?

What is the advantage of schema-based remembering? a. It helps fill in the gaps with fuzzy or incomplete recollections. b. It helps make eyewitness...

Assuming you have already read the chapter, which of the following is the best strategy for preparing for a multiple-choice exam?

Assuming you have already read the chapter, which of the following is the best strategy for preparing for a multiple-choice exam? a. Practice answering...

Mason amazes his classmates by giving his speech without notes. He does this by mentally attaching the main points to object in his house and then imagining walking through his house while giving a speech. He is using an ancient mnemonic device called ________ .

Mason amazes his classmates by giving his speech without notes. He does this by mentally attaching the main points to object in his house and then imagining...

During the drive home from work, Gary's wife calls and asks him to stop at the grocery store and pick up the following list of items: milk, bananas, eggs, juice, apples, cheese, tea, yogurt, bread. Gary arrives home with six of the items. Which three is he most likely to have forgotten?

During the drive home from work, Gary's wife calls and asks him to stop at the grocery store and pick up the following list of items: milk, bananas,...

Although Ken has been tying his own shoes every day for the past 30 years, he is having a hard time describing how to do it to his four-year-old daughter Kendra. His difficulty is because ________ memory is inaccessible to conscious awareness.

Although Ken has been tying his own shoes every day for the past 30 years, he is having a hard time describing how to do it to his four-year-old daughter...

Which of the following is NOT a type of long-term memory?

Which of the following is NOT a type of long-term memory? a. periodic b. procedural c. semantic d. episodic Answer: A. Periodi...

Which of the following is NOT one of the mechanisms of Baddeley's working memory model?

Which of the following is NOT one of the mechanisms of Baddeley's working memory model? a. visuospatial sketch pad b. central executive c. phonological...

Although both lists are the same length, CATDOGPIG is easier to remember than CXVRTDMLG due to a short-term memory strategy called ________ .

Although both lists are the same length, CATDOGPIG is easier to remember than CXVRTDMLG due to a short-term memory strategy called ________ . a....

________ is an exact copy of the environmental message, whereas ________ is usually in the form of an inner "voice."

________ is an exact copy of the environmental message, whereas ________ is usually in the form of an inner "voice." a. short-term memory; long-term...

In the Peterson distractor task, people are asked to recall a short list of three letters after delays ranging from 3 to 18 seconds. They were asked to count backward by threes during the delay. What does this test measure?

In the Peterson distractor task, people are asked to recall a short list of three letters after delays ranging from 3 to 18 seconds. They were asked...

Red-winged blackbirds will refuse to eat a particular food if they observe another bird become ill after eating the food. This shows that animals are capable of ________ .

Red-winged blackbirds will refuse to eat a particular food if they observe another bird become ill after eating the food. This shows that animals are...

When his dad mows the lawn, Nathan follows along with his toy lawnmower. This is an example of observational learning called ________ .

When his dad mows the lawn, Nathan follows along with his toy lawnmower. This is an example of observational learning called ________ . a. modeling b....

Mirror neurons in the brain allow us to

Mirror neurons in the brain allow us to a. experience déjà vu. b. recognize ourselves in the mirror. c. learn by observation. d. use parallel processing. Answer: C....

When animal trainers Keller and Marion Breland tried to train a raccoon to drop a coin into a piggy bank, the animal would "wash" the coin instead. The difficulties the Brelands had in applying operant principles to animals demonstrate that

When animal trainers Keller and Marion Breland tried to train a raccoon to drop a coin into a piggy bank, the animal would "wash" the coin instead....

Which reinforcement schedule leads to fast acquisition of learning but is easily extinguished?

Which reinforcement schedule leads to fast acquisition of learning but is easily extinguished? a. a fixed ratio schedule b. a variable ratio schedule c....

Camila studies more as her exam approaches because she wants to earn an A in the class. Brianna studies to avoid failing the class. Camila is motivated by ________ while Brianna is motivated by ________ .

Camila studies more as her exam approaches because she wants to earn an A in the class. Brianna studies to avoid failing the class. Camila is motivated...

In using operant conditioning to train your dog, a cue such as the word "sit" is a ________ .

In using operant conditioning to train your dog, a cue such as the word "sit" is a ________ . a. positive reinforcer b. conditioned stimulus c. punisher d....

Which of the following is an operant response?

Which of the following is an operant response? a. A dog learns to roll over to earn a treat. b. A child wants Sugar-O's cereal after seeing commercials...

The increased alertness that Aubrey experiences after unknowingly drinking decaffeinated coffee is a(n) ________ .

The increased alertness that Aubrey experiences after unknowingly drinking decaffeinated coffee is a(n) ________ . a. unconditioned stimulus b. conditioned...

Drug tolerance is a ________ to the environment, such as a particular room, where a person normally takes drugs.

Drug tolerance is a ________ to the environment, such as a particular room, where a person normally takes drugs. a. unconditioned stimulus b. conditioned...

Which of the following will lead to the strongest conditioning?

Which of the following will lead to the strongest conditioning? a. The conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are presented at the same...

In which type of learning would you find a US, UR, CS, and CR?

In which type of learning would you find a US, UR, CS, and CR? a. classical conditioning b. operant conditioning c. instrumental conditioning d....

When Sofia got married, her new husband's snoring kept her awake. Now that she has been married for five years, it doesn't bother her and she scarcely notices it any more. Her diminished response to her husband's snoring is ________ .

When Sofia got married, her new husband's snoring kept her awake. Now that she has been married for five years, it doesn't bother her and she scarcely...

Which of the following is NOT an example of learning?

Which of the following is NOT an example of learning? a. Bud, the family dog, gets excited when he hears his leash rattle as it's taken off the hook. b....

Using hypnosis to separate pain from its conscious experience is an example of

Using hypnosis to separate pain from its conscious experience is an example of a. schizophrenia b. social role playing c. hypermnesia d. hypnotic...

Anthony's heart rate and blood pressure decrease and his brain waves become primarily alpha after a few minutes of repeating a mantra. Anthony is ________ .

Anthony's heart rate and blood pressure decrease and his brain waves become primarily alpha after a few minutes of repeating a mantra. Anthony is ________...

Which of the following statements about hypnosis is true?

Which of the following statements about hypnosis is true? a. Major surgeries can be performed in some people using hypnosis as the primary anesthesia. b....

A person who begins to smell colors after taking a hallucinogen is experiencing a phenomenon called ________ .

A person who begins to smell colors after taking a hallucinogen is experiencing a phenomenon called ________ . a. synesthesia b. the cocktail party...

Which of the following is NOT classified as a hallucinogen?

Which of the following is NOT classified as a hallucinogen? a. LSD b. marijuana c. mescaline d. Ecstasy Answer: D. Ecstac...

Many psychoactive drugs including alcohol, cocaine, and amphetamines are addictive because they affect the neurotransmitter ________ , which is part of the brain's natural reward system.

Many psychoactive drugs including alcohol, cocaine, and amphetamines are addictive because they affect the neurotransmitter ________ , which is part...

The headache that Heather gets on afternoons when she did not get her morning coffee is an example of ________ .

The headache that Heather gets on afternoons when she did not get her morning coffee is an example of ________ . a. drug dependency b. drug tolerance c....

Which of the following is a parasomnia?

Which of the following is a parasomnia? a. narcolepsy b. sleep apnea c. night terrors d. hypersomnia Answer: C. Night Terror...

According to the activation-synthesis model, dreams

According to the activation-synthesis model, dreams a. are a psychological mechanism of wish fulfillment. b. are the royal road to the unconscious. c....

When a rat is completely deprived of sleep for three weeks,

When a rat is completely deprived of sleep for three weeks, a. it will have a long REM recovery. b. it will become extremely aggressive. c. it...

Near the end of the night a person is most likely to be in ________ sleep.

Near the end of the night a person is most likely to be in ________ sleep. a. REM b. stage N3 c. stage N1 d. slow wave Answer: A. RE...

In a car accident, Alex suffered damage to the right parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex. Now he shows some odd behaviors like only shaving the right side of his face. As his doctor, what would you suspect is his diagnosis?

In a car accident, Alex suffered damage to the right parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex. Now he shows some odd behaviors like only shaving the right...

How much does talking on a cell phone increase the risk of an accident?

How much does talking on a cell phone increase the risk of an accident? a. about the same as conversing with someone in the car b. to levels similar...

Which of the following illustrates the cocktail party effect?

Which of the following illustrates the cocktail party effect? a. People tend to speak more loudly after drinking alcohol. b. People who frequent parties...

In a psychology study, Kurt listens to spoken messages presented individually to each ear through headphones. He is unable to remember the content of a message in his right ear while repeating a message sent to his left ear. The researchers are utilizing a research technique called ________ .

In a psychology study, Kurt listens to spoken messages presented individually to each ear through headphones. He is unable to remember the content of...

When Aiden moved to downtown Chicago, the constant street noise kept him awake. After a few nights, however, he was able to fall asleep easily. What psychological concept best accounts for this change?

When Aiden moved to downtown Chicago, the constant street noise kept him awake. After a few nights, however, he was able to fall asleep easily. What...

A weightlifter can just barely notice the difference between 30 and 31 pound dumbbells when doing curls. How much would you have to add to his 300 pound barbell for him to notice the difference when he does bench press?

A weightlifter can just barely notice the difference between 30 and 31 pound dumbbells when doing curls. How much would you have to add to his 300 pound...

What is the difference between taste and flavor?

What is the difference between taste and flavor? a. Taste refers specifically to the sensations produced by the taste buds, while flavor describes...

Which sense has the most different kinds of receptor cells?

Which sense has the most different kinds of receptor cells? a. smell b. hearing c. vision d. taste Answer: Smel...

Gina is unable to compete in her gymnastics competition due to an ear infection that has affected her ________ .

Gina is unable to compete in her gymnastics competition due to an ear infection that has affected her ________ . a. vestibular sense b. kinesthetic...

According to gate control theory,

According to gate control theory, a. the brain can block pain signals from reaching higher neural centers. b. the brain reduces pain by releasing...

Compared with a person with normal hearing in both ears, a person who is deaf in one ear may have difficulty ________ .

Compared with a person with normal hearing in both ears, a person who is deaf in one ear may have difficulty ________ . a. recognizing a melody played...

The ability to easily recognize the same melody played by different instruments demonstrates the auditory system's remarkable ability to ________ .

The ability to easily recognize the same melody played by different instruments demonstrates the auditory system's remarkable ability to ________ . a....

Which theory of pitch perception best explains why older people have difficulty hearing high-pitched sounds?

Which theory of pitch perception best explains why older people have difficulty hearing high-pitched sounds? a. place theory b. frequency theory c....

Perceiving monsters in the shadows when walking through the woods alone is an example of using ________ processing to see what we are expecting to see.

Perceiving monsters in the shadows when walking through the woods alone is an example of using ________ processing to see what we are expecting to see. a....

Why is it that a very dim star disappears when you look directly at it, but you can see it by looking slightly away from it?

Why is it that a very dim star disappears when you look directly at it, but you can see it by looking slightly away from it? a. Rods are concentrated...

Trichromatic theory is to ________ as opponent-process theory is to ________ .

Trichromatic theory is to ________ as opponent-process theory is to ________ . a. cones; the visual pathway b. correct; disproven c. disproven; correct d....

How is focusing accomplished in the human eye?

How is focusing accomplished in the human eye? a. by using monocular cues such as linear perspective b. by moving the retina to adjust the distance...

Which of the following statements regarding day care is true?

Which of the following statements regarding day care is true? a. Children who go to day care centers are better socialized and show fewer problem...

According to terror management theory, we avoid things that remind us of ________ .

According to terror management theory, we avoid things that remind us of ________ . a. our capacity for evil b. previous traumatic experiences c....

In the strange situation test, 12-month-old Tia plays happily while her mother is in the room, gets upset when her mother leaves, and calms down quickly when her mother returns. Tia would be classified as having a ________ attachment style.

In the strange situation test, 12-month-old Tia plays happily while her mother is in the room, gets upset when her mother leaves, and calms down quickly...

If you avoid speeding because you're afraid you'll get a ticket, Kohlberg would say you are acting at the ________ level of moral development.

If you avoid speeding because you're afraid you'll get a ticket, Kohlberg would say you are acting at the ________ level of moral development. a....

When three-year-old Emma's grandmother asks her a question over the phone, Emma nods her head. Not realizing that grandma can't see her is an example of ________ .

When three-year-old Emma's grandmother asks her a question over the phone, Emma nods her head. Not realizing that grandma can't see her is an example...

Before having solid food, how will an infant respond to a drop of lemon juice put in her mouth?

Before having solid food, how will an infant respond to a drop of lemon juice put in her mouth? a. She will smile because babies have a preference...

The first time baby Huey was shown a picture of a moose, he looked at it for 15 seconds. On the 20th time he is shown the moose, what will his response be if he demonstrates habituation?

The first time baby Huey was shown a picture of a moose, he looked at it for 15 seconds. On the 20th time he is shown the moose, what will his response...

Although our brains lose neurons as we age,

Although our brains lose neurons as we age, a. only half of people at age 65 show signs of dementia. b. reaction times continue to improve until...

Which of these findings highlights the importance of nurture to development?

Which of these findings highlights the importance of nurture to development? a. The nervous system matures in a down-and-out fashion-from the head...

The finding that women who experience morning sickness are less likely to suffer miscarriages suggests

The finding that women who experience morning sickness are less likely to suffer miscarriages suggests a. that pregnant women who don't get a hangover...

In which stage of prenatal development would it be most dangerous to the developing child for a pregnant woman to contract the German measles?

In which stage of prenatal development would it be most dangerous to the developing child for a pregnant woman to contract the German measles? a....

A "gene" is most similar in meaning to the word ________

A "gene" is most similar in meaning to the word ________ a. instruction b. characteristic c. adaptation d. trait Answer: A. Instructi...

Evolutionary psychologists believe that adaptation through natural selection occurs with psychological traits just as it does with physical characteristics. To be considered an adaptation, a trait must satisfy three criteria. Which of the following is NOT one of these criteria?

Evolutionary psychologists believe that adaptation through natural selection occurs with psychological traits just as it does with physical characteristics....

Male and female differences in performance are ________ and due to ________ factors.

Male and female differences in performance are ________ and due to ________ factors. a. small; only genetic b. small; both biological and environmental c....

The communication of the endocrine system is ________ and ________ .

The communication of the endocrine system is ________ and ________ . a. quick; long-lasting b. quick; detailed c. slow; long-lasting d. slow; detailed Answer: C....

How does the nervous system control the endocrine system?

How does the nervous system control the endocrine system? a. The hippocampus controls the pituitary. b. The hypothalamus controls the pituitary. c....

What is a reasonable explanation for the finding that artists and architects are proportionately more likely to be left handed?

What is a reasonable explanation for the finding that artists and architects are proportionately more likely to be left handed? a. The left hemisphere,...

Some blame poor decision-making by teenagers on the ________ lobes being the last area of the brain to fully develop.

Some blame poor decision-making by teenagers on the ________ lobes being the last area of the brain to fully develop. a. temporal b. parietal c....

A woman was in a car accident and suffered an injury to her head. Although a three-dimensional image of her brain is needed to help decide what treatment would be best, any method using chemicals or radiation cannot be used because she is pregnant. As her doctor, what type of scan would you recommend?

A woman was in a car accident and suffered an injury to her head. Although a three-dimensional image of her brain is needed to help decide what treatment...

Both sympathetic arousal and parasympathetic calming responses are controlled by the ________ nervous system.

Both sympathetic arousal and parasympathetic calming responses are controlled by the ________ nervous system. a. autonomic b. somatic c. afferent d....

What would be the effect on a person who received a drug that acted as an acetylcholine antagonist?

What would be the effect on a person who received a drug that acted as an acetylcholine antagonist? a. They would experience hallucinations similar...

Too much dopamine is related to the disease ________ , whereas too little dopamine is associated with ________ .

Too much dopamine is related to the disease ________ , whereas too little dopamine is associated with ________ . a. Parkinson's; schizophrenia b....

If a neuron is compared to a gun, the ________ would be the trigger.

If a neuron is compared to a gun, the ________ would be the trigger. a. action potential b. terminal buttons c. axon hillock d. axon Answer: C....

Myelin can greatly speed the action potential by enabling ________

Myelin can greatly speed the action potential by enabling ________  a. hyperpolarization b. saltatory conduction c. multiple sclerosis d. neurotransmitter...

Which of the following is NOT true regarding reasons for using animals in research?

Which of the following is NOT true regarding reasons for using animals in research? a. There are few guidelines for animal research. b. Animal research...

After a study is over, when is it okay to not tell participants about any deception that was used during the study?

After a study is over, when is it okay to not tell participants about any deception that was used during the study? a. It is never okay. The full...

In order to control all possible confounding variables, Dr. Jackman runs her study in a laboratory using a computer simulation. This increases ________ at the possible cost of losing ________ .

In order to control all possible confounding variables, Dr. Jackman runs her study in a laboratory using a computer simulation. This increases ________...

Researchers want to see of increasing blood sugar will improve memory function in senior citizens. To test this, they give a group of elderly people lemonade made with either sugar or a non-caloric sweetener followed by a memory test. In this study, what is the dependent variable?

Researchers want to see of increasing blood sugar will improve memory function in senior citizens. To test this, they give a group of elderly people...

Dr. Jenkins wants to see if specific goals lead to better performance than "do your best" goals. To test this, he goes to a 5K running race to recruit participants. He asks some racers to try for a specific time that is difficult but possible for them and others to do their very best. On average, those with the specific goals run faster than those trying to do their best. What is the independent variable in this example?

Dr. Jenkins wants to see if specific goals lead to better performance than "do your best" goals. To test this, he goes to a 5K running race to recruit...

Why is it not possible to determine causality from a correlation?

Why is it not possible to determine causality from a correlation? a. The correlation proves that there is a causal effect, but you can't know which...

Suppose you calculate a correlation coefficient of -0.46 for the relationship between college grades and time spent partying. Which of these is the most accurate interpretation of this finding?

Suppose you calculate a correlation coefficient of -0.46 for the relationship between college grades and time spent partying. Which of these is the...

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory was based primarily on descriptive data from a few case studies. Critics question how well the experiences of these unusual individuals represent others. The concern referred to is that this type of research may lack ________ .

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory was based primarily on descriptive data from a few case studies. Critics question how well the experiences of...

Dr. Gerard determines psychology class grades solely by the percentage of items answered correctly on the tests. She says she would be thrilled to give everyone in the class "As" if they could achieve a 90% average on the tests. What type of grading technique does Dr. G. use?

Dr. Gerard determines psychology class grades solely by the percentage of items answered correctly on the tests. She says she would be thrilled to give...

Although most journalists make a modest living, a few working in the biggest markets earn huge salaries in the millions of dollars. Due to its sensitivity to these outliers, the ________ is misleading and a better representation of journalist's salaries would be ________ income.

Although most journalists make a modest living, a few working in the biggest markets earn huge salaries in the millions of dollars. Due to its sensitivity...

Which of the following is the best operational definition of a good student?

Which of the following is the best operational definition of a good student? a. A good student is one who has a GPA of 3.0 or better. b. A good student...

Evolutionary psychology is most similar to which of the early schools of psychology?

Evolutionary psychology is most similar to which of the early schools of psychology? a. psychoanalysis b. Gestalt psychology c. functionalism d. structuralism Answer: D....

Which of the following was NOT a factor in psychology's cognitive revolution?

Which of the following was NOT a factor in psychology's cognitive revolution? a. the development of the computer, which became a model of the human...

Dr. Jacobs is a clinical psychologist who uses a combination of different techniques depending on the problem her client is dealing with. For example, she treats phobias behaviorally, uses both cognitive and behavioral techniques with depression, and utilizes a systems approach with families. Her approach to therapy would best be characterized as ________ .

Dr. Jacobs is a clinical psychologist who uses a combination of different techniques depending on the problem her client is dealing with. For example,...

Professor Hahn believes that psychology should not study consciousness because it is difficult to measure directly. He is most likely a proponent of which school of thought?

Professor Hahn believes that psychology should not study consciousness because it is difficult to measure directly. He is most likely a proponent of...

Which of the following reflects an empiricist, as opposed to a nativist viewpoint on the origins of knowledge?

Which of the following reflects an empiricist, as opposed to a nativist viewpoint on the origins of knowledge? a. Gestalt psychology's proposal that...

Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between the mind and the body would most psychologists today agree with?

Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between the mind and the body would most psychologists today agree with? a. The mind...

Some psychologists test theories about basic principles of behavior and mind. Examples would include social psychologists, cognitive psychologists, and developmental psychologists. As a group, these psychologists are called ________ .

Some psychologists test theories about basic principles of behavior and mind. Examples would include social psychologists, cognitive psychologists,...

Dr. Hou works for an automobile manufacturer. She works to improve the interior design of cars to make them more comfortable and safer to drive. She is most likely a ________ .

Dr. Hou works for an automobile manufacturer. She works to improve the interior design of cars to make them more comfortable and safer to drive. She...

Dr. Debord is a therapist who helps people with adjustment problems such as relationship problems and career guidance. He is most likely trained as a ________ .

Dr. Debord is a therapist who helps people with adjustment problems such as relationship problems and career guidance. He is most likely trained as...

Although psychology and philosophy are related, psychology eventually grew out of philosophy to become a separate discipline. What distinguishes psychology from philosophy?

Although psychology and philosophy are related, psychology eventually grew out of philosophy to become a separate discipline. What distinguishes psychology...