Evolutionary psychology is most similar to which of the early schools of psychology?

Evolutionary psychology is most similar to which of the early schools of psychology?

a. psychoanalysis
b. Gestalt psychology
c. functionalism
d. structuralism


Answer: D. Functionalism

Which of the following was NOT a factor in psychology's cognitive revolution?

Which of the following was NOT a factor in psychology's cognitive revolution?

a. the development of the computer, which became a model of the human mind

b. B. F. Skinner's admission that behaviorism had reached its limits

c. improved research techniques that allowed researchers to infer mental processes from observable behavior

d. Advances in technology that allowed researchers to directly measure the activity of brain cells


Answer: B. B. F. Skinner's admission that behaviorism had reached its limits

Dr. Jacobs is a clinical psychologist who uses a combination of different techniques depending on the problem her client is dealing with. For example, she treats phobias behaviorally, uses both cognitive and behavioral techniques with depression, and utilizes a systems approach with families. Her approach to therapy would best be characterized as ________ .

Dr. Jacobs is a clinical psychologist who uses a combination of different techniques depending on the problem her client is dealing with. For example, she treats phobias behaviorally, uses both cognitive and behavioral techniques with depression, and utilizes a systems approach with families. Her approach to therapy would best be characterized as ________ .

a. biopsychosocial
b. a shotgun approach
c. multifarious
d. eclectic

Answer: D. Eclectic

Professor Hahn believes that psychology should not study consciousness because it is difficult to measure directly. He is most likely a proponent of which school of thought?

Professor Hahn believes that psychology should not study consciousness because it is difficult to measure directly. He is most likely a proponent of which school of thought?

a. humanism
b. behaviorism
c. structuralism
d. functionalism


Answer: B. Behaviorism

Which of the following reflects an empiricist, as opposed to a nativist viewpoint on the origins of knowledge?

Which of the following reflects an empiricist, as opposed to a nativist viewpoint on the origins of knowledge?

a. Gestalt psychology's proposal that certain organizing principles of perception are innate.

b. Charles Darwin's belief that natural selection applies not only to physical traits, but behavioral and psychological ones as well

c. Greek philosopher Aristotle's idea that the mind is a tabula rasa-a blank slate on which experiences are written

d. Philosopher Immanuel Kant's proposal that humans are born with certain mental structures that determine how they see the world


Answer: C. Greek philosopher Aristotle's idea that the mind is a tabula rasa-a blank slate on which experiences are written

Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between the mind and the body would most psychologists today agree with?

Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between the mind and the body would most psychologists today agree with?

a. The mind controls the actions of the body through the pineal gland.

b. The mind is spiritual and cannot be studied, whereas the body produces behavior that can be studied using the methods of science.

c. There is no separation of the mind and body.

d. The body and mind influence each other through a process called reciprocal determinism.


Answer: C. There is no separation of the mind and body.

Some psychologists test theories about basic principles of behavior and mind. Examples would include social psychologists, cognitive psychologists, and developmental psychologists. As a group, these psychologists are called ________ .

Some psychologists test theories about basic principles of behavior and mind. Examples would include social psychologists, cognitive psychologists, and developmental psychologists. As a group, these psychologists are called ________ .

a. research psychologists
b. basic psychologists
c. applied psychologists
d. clinical psychologists


Answer: A. Research Psychologists

Dr. Hou works for an automobile manufacturer. She works to improve the interior design of cars to make them more comfortable and safer to drive. She is most likely a ________ .

Dr. Hou works for an automobile manufacturer. She works to improve the interior design of cars to make them more comfortable and safer to drive. She is most likely a ________ .

a. personality psychologist
b. forensic psychologist
c. behavioral neuroscientist
d. human factors psychologist


Answer: D. Human Factors Psychologist

Dr. Debord is a therapist who helps people with adjustment problems such as relationship problems and career guidance. He is most likely trained as a ________ .

Dr. Debord is a therapist who helps people with adjustment problems such as relationship problems and career guidance. He is most likely trained as a ________ .

a. clinical psychologist
b. human factors psychologist
c. counseling psychologist
d. psychiatrist


Answer: C. Counseling Psychologist

Although psychology and philosophy are related, psychology eventually grew out of philosophy to become a separate discipline. What distinguishes psychology from philosophy?

Although psychology and philosophy are related, psychology eventually grew out of philosophy to become a separate discipline. What distinguishes psychology from philosophy?

a. psychology emphasizes answering questions using the scientific method

b. psychology emphasizes curing mental disorders

c. psychology does not deal with motivation

d. only psychology is concerned with motivation


Answer: A. Psychology emphasizes answering questions using the scientific method

When Dr. Jones attempts to determine reasons why female defendants are rated more leniently than male defendants, he is attempting to meet which goal of science?

When Dr. Jones attempts to determine reasons why female defendants are rated more leniently than male defendants, he is attempting to meet which goal of science?

a. Explaining behaviour
b. Describing behaviour
c. Predicting behaviour
d. Determining cause of behaviour

Answer: Explaining behaviour

Which one of the following journal-article titles most likely represents an example of basic research?

Which one of the following journal-article titles most likely represents an example of basic research?

a. "Effect of size and lettering style of signs on wayfinding accuracy in a hospital"
b. "Encouraging recycling: An evaluation of a media campaign"
c. "Effect of situational factors on assessment of blame: A test of attribution theory"
d. "Teaching youths with autism to offer assistance"

Answer: "Effect of situational factors on assessment of blame: A test of attribution theory"

Which of the following characteristics is true of pseudoscience? The

Which of the following characteristics is true of pseudoscience? The

a. hypotheses are always falsifiable.
b. hypotheses are testable.
c. claims rigorously consider conflicting evidence.
d. claims are stated using scientific-sounding terminology and ideas.

Answer: claims are stated using scientific-sounding terminology and ideas.

An important component of the scientific approach is peer review. Which of the following is NOT a reason for employing peer review? It aims to

An important component of the scientific approach is peer review. Which of the following is NOT a reason for employing peer review? It aims to

a. allow publication of only those findings with which other researchers agree.
b. ensure that the best ideas are supported by research, and allows others to build upon the research thereby further advancing the field of study.
c. ensure that only the best research is published.
d. ensure that research with major obvious flaws will not be part of scientific literature.

Answer: allow publication of only those findings with which other researchers agree.

You have just read an article in a popular magazine that stated, "People who jog live longer than people who don't jog." As a scientist, you would probably

You have just read an article in a popular magazine that stated, "People who jog live longer than people who don't jog." As a scientist, you would probably

a. assume that the statement is false.
b. begin jogging.
c. accept the statement as true.
d. want to see the study that lead to this conclusion.

Answer: want to see the study that lead to this conclusion.

The process by which scientists with expertise in a particular field judge the scientific merit of another's research within that same field is referred to as _____________.

The process by which scientists with expertise in a particular field judge the scientific merit of another's research within that same field is referred to as _____________.

a. skepticism
b. falsifiability
c. intuition
d. peer review

Answer: peer review

The advantage of employing the scientific approach over other ways of knowing about the world is that it

The advantage of employing the scientific approach over other ways of knowing about the world is that it

a. allows scientists to show that the explanations we make for the actions we observe are always correct.
b. allows scientists the opportunity to show the public their findings are always correct.
c. provides an objective set of rules for gathering, evaluating, and reporting information.
d. allows one to rule out intuition and authority as sources of ideas about behaviour.

Answer: provides an objective set of rules for gathering, evaluating, and reporting information.

When you accept unquestionably what your own personal judgment tells you about the world, you are relying on _______.

When you accept unquestionably what your own personal judgment tells you about the world, you are relying on _______.

a. skepticism
b. intuition
c. authority
d. scientific understanding

Answer: intuition

Which one of the following journal-article titles most likely represents an applied research study?

Which one of the following journal-article titles most likely represents an applied research study?

a. "Increasing recycling of fast-food containers: A test at an amusement park"
b. "Cognitive factors influencing logical reasoning"
c. "Measurement of reaction times to different coloured lights"
d. "The influence of a food reward on maze running behaviour in kittens"

Answer: "Increasing recycling of fast-food containers: A test at an amusement park"

Determining the cause of behaviour is an important goal of science because

Determining the cause of behaviour is an important goal of science because

a. we cannot predict behaviour without knowing the cause of behaviour.
b. we cannot describe behaviour without knowing the cause of behaviour.
c. it is important to know the cause of behaviour if we want to change a behaviour.
d. it makes the scientist appear more credible.

Answer: it is important to know the cause of behaviour if we want to change a behaviour