Camila studies more as her exam approaches because she wants to earn an A in the class. Brianna studies to avoid failing the class. Camila is motivated by ________ while Brianna is motivated by ________ .
a. positive punishment; negative reinforcement
b. positive punishment; negative punishment
c. positive reinforcement; positive punishment
d. positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement
Answer: C. Positive Reinforcement; Positive Punishment
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Psychology Chapter 7
- Mary found an interaction between a defendant's gender (male or female) and their appearance (attractive or unattractive) on judgments of criminal behaviour. She analyzes the difference between judgments for unattractive defendants who are male or female. She then performs the same analysis for attractive males and females. Mary has examined the
- A 2 x 2 factorial design was used to study the effects of participant gender and style of persuasion on attitude change using 40 individuals. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.
- With ____, the results are analyzed as if you had separate experiments at each level of the other independent variable, while _____ examines the effect of an independent variable irrespective of the levels of the other independent variable.
- In a 4 x 3 factorial design, for a completely independent groups design with 10 participants per group, how many participants will you need?
- A factorial design involves
- In a study examining the effect of room illumination (low, medium, high) and room temperature (cold, warm, hot) on test performance, how many main effects are possible?
- Which of the following is LEAST correct regarding the effect size? The effect size
- What is the difference between an interval and a ratio scale? A ratio scale _____ while an interval scales does not.
- A teacher writes the results of a test on the board: 7 students received As, 10 students received Bs, 18 students received Cs, 4 students received Ds, and 1 student received an F. In statistical terms, this is a
- The standard deviation would be an appropriate measure of variability only if the variable is measured on a(n) _____ scale
- In graphically depicting frequency distributions, _____ are used to display categorical variables while _____ are used to display quantitative variables.
- Which one of the following is NOT one of the three basic ways of describing results discussed in your text?
- A researcher studies one group of children when they are 3, 6, and 9 years old and another group of children when they are 9, 12, and 15 years old. The researcher has used the ______ method.
- A researcher learns that a program designed to reduce truancy in junior high school students is not successful because the staff has not been adequately trained to deal with truancy. This finding should have occurred in which phase of program evaluation?
- In a program designed to help teenagers gain summer employment, a researcher measures whether or not the program has actually increased the number of teenagers finding jobs. The researcher is involved in which phase of evaluation?
- Which is the more common method, longitudinal or cross-sectional?
- Selection differences in the non-equivalent control group design are
- A human resources psychologist is interested in the effect of work schedule on job satisfaction. She compares satisfaction scores of workers who work five 8-hour shifts with workers who work four 10-hour shifts. What type of design has the manager employed?
- A program was designed to address the problem of Venetian refugees in Oak Hills. However, it was discovered that there were no Venetian refugees living in Oak Hills. Had this program been comprehensively evaluated from the start, this fact would have been discovered during a(n) _____ evaluation.
- A study involves a 3 x 4 x 2 factorial design. How many independent variables are being studied?
- Red-winged blackbirds will refuse to eat a particular food if they observe another bird become ill after eating the food. This shows that animals are capable of ________ .
- When his dad mows the lawn, Nathan follows along with his toy lawnmower. This is an example of observational learning called ________ .
- Mirror neurons in the brain allow us to
- When animal trainers Keller and Marion Breland tried to train a raccoon to drop a coin into a piggy bank, the animal would "wash" the coin instead. The difficulties the Brelands had in applying operant principles to animals demonstrate that
- Which reinforcement schedule leads to fast acquisition of learning but is easily extinguished?