Mary found an interaction between a defendant's gender (male or female) and their appearance (attractive or unattractive) on judgments of criminal behaviour. She analyzes the difference between judgments for unattractive defendants who are male or female. She then performs the same analysis for attractive males and females. Mary has examined the

Mary found an interaction between a defendant's gender (male or female) and their appearance (attractive or unattractive) on judgments of criminal behaviour. She analyzes the difference between judgments for unattractive defendants who are male or female. She then performs the same analysis for attractive males and females. Mary has examined the

a. main effect of gender.
b. simple main effect of gender.
c. simple main effect of appearance.
d. main effect of appearance.

Answer: simple main effect of appearance.

A 2 x 2 factorial design was used to study the effects of participant gender and style of persuasion on attitude change using 40 individuals. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.

A 2 x 2 factorial design was used to study the effects of participant gender and style of persuasion on attitude change using 40 individuals. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.

a. Solomon four-group
b. Latin Square
c. repeated measures
d. IV x PV

Answer: IV x PV

With ____, the results are analyzed as if you had separate experiments at each level of the other independent variable, while _____ examines the effect of an independent variable irrespective of the levels of the other independent variable.

With ____, the results are analyzed as if you had separate experiments at each level of the other independent variable, while _____ examines the effect of an independent variable irrespective of the levels of the other independent variable.

a. an interaction; a simple main effect
b. a simple main effect; a main effect
c. an interaction; a main effect
d. a main effect; a simple main effect

Answer: a simple main effect; a main effect

In a 4 x 3 factorial design, for a completely independent groups design with 10 participants per group, how many participants will you need?

In a 4 x 3 factorial design, for a completely independent groups design with 10 participants per group, how many participants will you need?

a. 70
b. 60
c. 30
d. 120

Answer: 120

A factorial design involves

A factorial design involves

a. manipulating two or more independent variables.
b. having multiple dependent measures.
c. manipulating two or more dependent variables.
d. an inability to specify the overall effect of an independent variable.

Answer: manipulating two or more independent variables.

In a study examining the effect of room illumination (low, medium, high) and room temperature (cold, warm, hot) on test performance, how many main effects are possible?

In a study examining the effect of room illumination (low, medium, high) and room temperature (cold, warm, hot) on test performance, how many main effects are possible?

a. 9
b. 6
c. 2
d. 3

Answer: 2

Which of the following is LEAST correct regarding the effect size? The effect size

Which of the following is LEAST correct regarding the effect size? The effect size

a. is heavily influenced by the sample size.
b. refers to the strength of association between the variables.
c. can indicate small, medium, and large effects.
d. provides a scale of values that is consistent across all types of studies.

Answer: is heavily influenced by the sample size.

What is the difference between an interval and a ratio scale? A ratio scale _____ while an interval scales does not.

What is the difference between an interval and a ratio scale? A ratio scale _____ while an interval scales does not.

a. has an absolute zero
b. indicates order
c. gives numerical information
d. uses equal intervals

Answer: has an absolute zero

A teacher writes the results of a test on the board: 7 students received As, 10 students received Bs, 18 students received Cs, 4 students received Ds, and 1 student received an F. In statistical terms, this is a

A teacher writes the results of a test on the board: 7 students received As, 10 students received Bs, 18 students received Cs, 4 students received Ds, and 1 student received an F. In statistical terms, this is a

a. measure of central tendency.
b. correlation table.
c. frequency distribution.
d. measure of variability.

Answer: frequency distribution.

The standard deviation would be an appropriate measure of variability only if the variable is measured on a(n) _____ scale

The standard deviation would be an appropriate measure of variability only if the variable is measured on a(n) _____ scale

a. nominal
b. ratio
c. interval
d. ordinal

Answer: interval

In graphically depicting frequency distributions, _____ are used to display categorical variables while _____ are used to display quantitative variables.

In graphically depicting frequency distributions, _____ are used to display categorical variables while _____ are used to display quantitative variables.

a. pie charts; bar graphs
b. bar graphs; histograms
c. polygons; bar graphs
d. histograms; pie charts

Answer: bar graphs; histograms

Which one of the following is NOT one of the three basic ways of describing results discussed in your text?

Which one of the following is NOT one of the three basic ways of describing results discussed in your text?

a. Compare group assignments.
b. Compare group means.
c. Compare group percentages.
d. Correlate scores of individuals on two variables.

Answer: Compare group assignments.

A researcher studies one group of children when they are 3, 6, and 9 years old and another group of children when they are 9, 12, and 15 years old. The researcher has used the ______ method.

A researcher studies one group of children when they are 3, 6, and 9 years old and another group of children when they are 9, 12, and 15 years old. The researcher has used the ______ method.

a. panel study
b. cross-sectional
c. sequential
d. longitudinal

Answer: sequential

A researcher learns that a program designed to reduce truancy in junior high school students is not successful because the staff has not been adequately trained to deal with truancy. This finding should have occurred in which phase of program evaluation?

A researcher learns that a program designed to reduce truancy in junior high school students is not successful because the staff has not been adequately trained to deal with truancy. This finding should have occurred in which phase of program evaluation?

a. Efficiency assessment
b. Needs assessment
c. Program theory assessment
d. Process evaluation

Answer: Process evaluation

In a program designed to help teenagers gain summer employment, a researcher measures whether or not the program has actually increased the number of teenagers finding jobs. The researcher is involved in which phase of evaluation?

In a program designed to help teenagers gain summer employment, a researcher measures whether or not the program has actually increased the number of teenagers finding jobs. The researcher is involved in which phase of evaluation?

a. Outcome evaluation
b. Process evaluation
c. Needs assessment
d. Efficiency assessment

Answer: Outcome evaluation

Which is the more common method, longitudinal or cross-sectional?

Which is the more common method, longitudinal or cross-sectional?

a. Cross-sectional because the results are obtained over longer periods of time.
b. Longitudinal because it is less expensive.
c. Longitudinal because the results are obtained relatively quickly.
d. Cross-sectional because it is less expensive.

Answer: Cross-sectional because it is less expensive.

Selection differences in the non-equivalent control group design are

Selection differences in the non-equivalent control group design are

a. problematic because they challenge the interval validity of the study.
b. essential to the design because they allow greater differences than the dependent variable.
c. problematic because they challenge the external validity of the study.
d. essential to the design because they enhance the independent variable.

Answer: problematic because they challenge the interval validity of the study

A human resources psychologist is interested in the effect of work schedule on job satisfaction. She compares satisfaction scores of workers who work five 8-hour shifts with workers who work four 10-hour shifts. What type of design has the manager employed?

A human resources psychologist is interested in the effect of work schedule on job satisfaction. She compares satisfaction scores of workers who work five 8-hour shifts with workers who work four 10-hour shifts. What type of design has the manager employed?

a. One-group posttest-only design
b. Non-equivalent pretest-posttest design
c. One-group pretest-posttest design
d. Non-equivalent control group design

Answer: Non-equivalent control group design

A program was designed to address the problem of Venetian refugees in Oak Hills. However, it was discovered that there were no Venetian refugees living in Oak Hills. Had this program been comprehensively evaluated from the start, this fact would have been discovered during a(n) _____ evaluation.

A program was designed to address the problem of Venetian refugees in Oak Hills. However, it was discovered that there were no Venetian refugees living in Oak Hills. Had this program been comprehensively evaluated from the start, this fact would have been discovered during a(n) _____ evaluation.

a. outcome evaluation
b. process evaluation
c. needs assessment
d. efficiency assessment

Answer: needs assessment

A study involves a 3 x 4 x 2 factorial design. How many independent variables are being studied?

A study involves a 3 x 4 x 2 factorial design. How many independent variables are being studied?

a. 9
b. 4
c. 24
d. 3

Answer: 3