Psychology MCQ: Educational Psychology

Educational Psychology

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What theoretical perspectives can educational psychology research take?

Answer: Cognitive, behavioural, social cognitive theory and humanism.

Did most students report using evidence-based study techniques?

Answer: No, they mainly reported using 'repeated reading' which is not an evidence based technique.
Self-test is an evidence based technique.

What type of questions did Karpicke et al's study on strategies in student learning?

Answer: They used open-ended questions asking students to list study strategies they used.
predicted that few would use practicing self-testing/having to recall the information.

What is the testing effect?

Answer: More will be remembered the more you test yourself on it compared to merely reading/reviewing it

In studies that have assessed the best study technique, what has been found to be the best?

Answer: Practice testing - self-testing or taking practice tests.
Distributed practice - implementing a schedule of practice that spreads out study techniques over time. Space out study sessions to retain knowledge.

Have the idea of knowing learning styles been supported?

Answer:
They have little emperical support.
Study - found that people who rated themselves as high in a particular learning style correlated with their performance on tasks.
BUT this did not mean learning styles are increasing their performance - it is people's perceptions of how they learn that influences performance.

What are learning styles?

Answer: the idea that certain modalities are better suited for different types of learners

In general, what is the cue utilization hypothesis?

Answer: the effect of stress or increased levels of physiological arousal on attentional processing of information.

What evidence exists of extrinsic cues in the 'Cue utilization hypothesis'?

Answer:

A research study that measured study conditions.
Showed people underestimate how well they do in tests.
The more study lists given to people the better they perform.
People tend to discount study conditions and put emphasis on characteristics

Which cue part of the 'Cue Utilization hypothesis' matters the most?

Answer: Intrinsic.
Shown through effects of item difficulty - people tend to underestimate their performance.

What are Mnemonic cues?

Answer: Study techniques a person can use to help improve the ability to remember something.
Mnemonics are strategies that can be modified to fit a variety of learning content.
It is part of the 'Cue Utilization hypothesis' concerned with how we form JOL's.

What are extrinsic cues?

Answer: It is how you structure study sessions and study techniques you use.
It is part of the 'Cue Utilization hypothesis' concerned with how we form JOL's.

What are intrinsic cues?

Answer: This is the characteristics of the material we are studying/learning.
It is part of the 'Cue Utilization hypothesis' concerned with how we form JOL's.

How are 'JOLs' formed?

Answer: Through Cue utilization hypothesis that involved intrinsic, extrinsic and maemonic cues.

What is 'JOLs'?

Answer: It is a metacognitive assessment of our own understanding and ability to recall information.
This is something we often do naturally - know whether we need to pay attention to a particular topic we don't understand.

What did McInerney (2005) determine are the four historical basic emphases in edu psych research?

Answer:

1. Cognitive Psychology - memory and learning - helping to do this.
2. Behavioural Psychology - Skinner tested observable behaviour.
3. Social Cognitive theory - how do people feel about their learning (not outcome)?
4. Humanism

Do educational psychology practioners just focus on educational outcomes or are there other areas?

Answer: There are other areas. Although the main focus is to improve school based/educational outcomes, they can also work within the social environment of schools - helping children show resilience and make friends.

How can educational psychology practitioners apply their knowledge of effective education?

Answer: They can develop and implement programmes to be applied to schools.

What do educational psychology practitioners do?

Answer:

- understand classroom and school environments and the operation of schools/agencies
- apply principles of learning to development/comptence of schools.
- consult with educators/professionals regarding cognitive, affective, social and behavioural performance - know what is effective.

What are the two things ed psychologists can be?

Answer: Practitioners and/or researchers.