In the early stages of a research project, the researcher would want as _____ as possible in order to demonstrate that a relationship between variables exists.

In the early stages of a research project, the researcher would want as _____ as possible in order to demonstrate that a relationship between variables exists.

a. many manipulations
b. weak of a manipulation
c. strong of a manipulation
d. costly of a manipulation

Answer: strong of a manipulation

Responses by participants to interviews and questionnaires are _______ measures.

Responses by participants to interviews and questionnaires are _______ measures.

a. self-report
b. physiological
c. valid
d. behavioural

Answer: self-report

Participants consume 8, 16, 24, or 32 ounces of alcohol and are then asked to recite the alphabet as quickly as possible. The amount of time it takes the participant to correctly recite the alphabet would be an example of a _____ measure.

Participants consume 8, 16, 24, or 32 ounces of alcohol and are then asked to recite the alphabet as quickly as possible. The amount of time it takes the participant to correctly recite the alphabet would be an example of a _____ measure.

a. behavioural
b. reactive
c. physiological
d. self-report

Answer: behavioural

A researcher who measures the speed of helping in an emergency is using a ________ measure.

A researcher who measures the speed of helping in an emergency is using a ________ measure.

a. behavioural
b. physiological
c. self-report
d. reactive

Answer: behavioural

A ceiling effect occurs when a measure results in too many

A ceiling effect occurs when a measure results in too many

a. scores.
b. minimum scores.
c. maximum scores.
d. median scores.

Answer: maximum scores.

A researcher conducts his study with a small number of participants in order to reveal whether the instructions and procedures are clearly understood. This procedure is an example of a

A researcher conducts his study with a small number of participants in order to reveal whether the instructions and procedures are clearly understood. This procedure is an example of a

a. manipulation check.
b. demand characteristic.
c. double blind study.
d. pilot study.

Answer: pilot study.

In a study examining the effect of appearance on judgments of criminal behaviour, a researcher asks questions about the surroundings and the victim in order to disguise the dependent measures in the study. These unrelated questions are referred to as

In a study examining the effect of appearance on judgments of criminal behaviour, a researcher asks questions about the surroundings and the victim in order to disguise the dependent measures in the study. These unrelated questions are referred to as

a. task measures.
b. placebo measures.
c. filler items.
d. independent measures.

Answer: filler items.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of staged manipulations? Staged manipulations

Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of staged manipulations? Staged manipulations

a. are used to involve participants in an ongoing social situation that is perceived as real.
b. are easier to interpret than straightforward manipulations.
c. are easier to replicate than straightforward manipulations.
d. allow for less subtle interpersonal communication that can easily be put into words.

Answer: are used to involve participants in an ongoing social situation that is perceived as real.

A researcher designed an experiment to test the effects of a top-secret vitamin supplement on the strength of weight-lifters. Thimble lifting would not be a useful measure of strength because thimble lifting

A researcher designed an experiment to test the effects of a top-secret vitamin supplement on the strength of weight-lifters. Thimble lifting would not be a useful measure of strength because thimble lifting

a. cannot be measured.
b. is not a reliable measure.
c. is not a sensitive measure of strength.
d. is a behavioural measure.

Answer: is not a sensitive measure of strength.

A researcher presents his dog with a bowl of normal dog food and a bowl of vitamin enriched dog food. He then records the amount of each type of food the dog consumes as a measure of his dog's food preference. What kind of measure has the researcher used?

A researcher presents his dog with a bowl of normal dog food and a bowl of vitamin enriched dog food. He then records the amount of each type of food the dog consumes as a measure of his dog's food preference. What kind of measure has the researcher used?

a. Self-report
b. Behavioural
c. Physiological
d. Reactive

Answer: Behavioural

A manipulation check is especially important in studies

A manipulation check is especially important in studies

a. using independent groups.
b. using double-blind procedures.
c. when nonsignificant results are obtained.
d. where demand characteristics are minimal.

Answer: when nonsignificant results are obtained.

A psychologist is interested in the effect of physical attractiveness on ratings of punishment assigned to a driver in an automobile accident. Participants read an account of the accident and received a written description of a physically attractive or unattractive defendant. The manipulation of attractiveness would be an example of a _____ manipulation.

A psychologist is interested in the effect of physical attractiveness on ratings of punishment assigned to a driver in an automobile accident. Participants read an account of the accident and received a written description of a physically attractive or unattractive defendant. The manipulation of attractiveness would be an example of a _____ manipulation.

a. dependent
b. staged
c. straightforward
d. conjunctive

Answer: straightforward

In drug research, a(n) _____ has occurred when it is unclear whether improvement is due to properties of the drug or the expectation about the effect of the drug.

In drug research, a(n) _____ has occurred when it is unclear whether improvement is due to properties of the drug or the expectation about the effect of the drug.

a. ceiling effect
b. order effect
c. placebo effect
d. demand characteristic

Answer: placebo effect

Why would an investigator use more than one dependent measure?

Why would an investigator use more than one dependent measure?

a. It is useful to know if the independent variable affects some measures but not others.
b. It eliminates the problem of demand characteristics.
c. It increases the complexity of the design and looks more impressive.
d. It makes the research study more obviously ethical.

Answer: It is useful to know if the independent variable affects some measures but not others.

Without informing them, a researcher assigns participants to either an experimental or a placebo group. The researcher's assistants who test the participants do not know who belongs in which group. The experiment has used a

Without informing them, a researcher assigns participants to either an experimental or a placebo group. The researcher's assistants who test the participants do not know who belongs in which group. The experiment has used a

a. single-blind technique.
b. strong experimental manipulation.
c. double-blind technique.
d. behavioural measure.

Answer: double-blind technique.

When a researcher submits a paper to a journal for publication, other researchers knowledgeable in the area of research carefully scrutinize the paper and recommend acceptance or rejection. This process is known as

When a researcher submits a paper to a journal for publication, other researchers knowledgeable in the area of research carefully scrutinize the paper and recommend acceptance or rejection. This process is known as

a. correspondence analysis.
b. peer review.
c. a manipulation check.
d. debriefing.

Answer: peer review.

Strong manipulations are used to ________ the effect of the ________ variable.

Strong manipulations are used to ________ the effect of the ________ variable.

a. minimize; dependent
b. maximize; independent
c. maximize; dependent
d. minimize; independent

Answer: maximize; independent

Which of the following physiological measures would you recommend a researcher use to compare brain images between individuals with and without Alzheimer's disease?

Which of the following physiological measures would you recommend a researcher use to compare brain images between individuals with and without Alzheimer's disease?

a. EMG (electromyogram)
b. EEG (electroencephalogram)
c. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
d. GSR (galvanic skin response)

Answer: MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

Which physiological measure is frequently used to measure muscle tension?

Which physiological measure is frequently used to measure muscle tension?

a. GSR (galvanic skin response)
b. fMRI (functional MRI)
c. EMG (electromyogram)
d. EEG (electroencephalogram)

Answer: EMG (electromyogram)

Investigators will sometimes use deception in the procedures to address the problem of

Investigators will sometimes use deception in the procedures to address the problem of

a. third variables.
b. demand characteristics.
c. ceiling effects.
d. floor effects.

Answer: demand characteristics.