Which of the following mechanisms of forgetting has the least evidence that it occurs?

Which of the following mechanisms of forgetting has the least evidence that it occurs?

a. proactive interference - old memories interfere with new memories
b. decay - memories fade with the passing of time
c. amnesia - forgetting caused by injury or disease to the brain
d. cue dependence - retrieval failure is due to lack of cues


Answer: B. Decay - Memories fade with the passing of time

In a study by Jenkins and Dallenbach (1924), students who slept during the time between learning new information and testing remembered better than those who remained awake. The study supported the idea that forgetting is due to ________ .

In a study by Jenkins and Dallenbach (1924), students who slept during the time between learning new information and testing remembered better than those who remained awake. The study supported the idea that forgetting is due to ________ .

a. motivated forgetting
b. proactive interference
c. retroactive interference
d. decay


Answer: C. Retroactive Interference

What does the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve show?

What does the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve show?

a. Meaningful information is retained in memory nine times longer than meaningless information.
b. Little if anything is really forgotten.
c. The rate of memory decay is constant over time.
d. Most forgetting occurs rapidly and is followed by a more gradual decline.


Answer: D. Most forgetting occurs rapidly and is followed by a more gradual decline.

Roderick was hit so hard when he caught the winning touchdown pass on the last play of the game that he was knocked out. When he regained consciousness, he was unable to remember any of the game. Roderick is suffering from ________ .

Roderick was hit so hard when he caught the winning touchdown pass on the last play of the game that he was knocked out. When he regained consciousness, he was unable to remember any of the game. Roderick is suffering from ________ .

a. retrograde amnesia
b. proactive interference
c. anterograde amnesia
d. retroactive interference


Answer: A. Retrograde Amnesia

In an experiment, Loftus and Palmer (1974) asked students to watch a video of a car accident. Some students were asked to estimate the speed of the cars as they "smashed" into each other; others were asked the speed of the cars when they "contacted" each other. Which students were likely to remember seeing broken glass?

In an experiment, Loftus and Palmer (1974) asked students to watch a video of a car accident. Some students were asked to estimate the speed of the cars as they "smashed" into each other; others were asked the speed of the cars when they "contacted" each other. Which students were likely to remember seeing broken glass?

a. neither group because there wasn't really any broken glass in the film
b. both groups because broken glass is part of the schema for car accident
c. only those given the smashed wording
d. only those given the contacted wording


Answer: C. Only those given the smashed wording

Memory researchers believe that most, if not all, forgetting is caused by

Memory researchers believe that most, if not all, forgetting is caused by

a. encoding failure - the memories were never stored in the first place.
b. failure to access the right retrieval cues.
c. repression.
d. decay.


Answer: B. Failure to access the right retrieval cues

What is the advantage of schema-based remembering?

What is the advantage of schema-based remembering?

a. It helps fill in the gaps with fuzzy or incomplete recollections.
b. It helps make eyewitness testimony more reliable.
c. It makes memories more accurate.
d. It makes us less susceptible to misinformation.


Answer: A. It helps fill in the gaps with fuzzy or incomplete recollections.

Assuming you have already read the chapter, which of the following is the best strategy for preparing for a multiple-choice exam?

Assuming you have already read the chapter, which of the following is the best strategy for preparing for a multiple-choice exam?

a. Practice answering multiple-choice questions from a study guide.

b. Study the important parts you highlighted when you read through the chapter the first time.

c. Read through the chapter another time to make sure you are thoroughly familiar with material.

d. Make up and answer questions relevant to the material.


Answer: A. Practice answering multiple-choice questions from a study guide.

Mason amazes his classmates by giving his speech without notes. He does this by mentally attaching the main points to object in his house and then imagining walking through his house while giving a speech. He is using an ancient mnemonic device called ________ .

Mason amazes his classmates by giving his speech without notes. He does this by mentally attaching the main points to object in his house and then imagining walking through his house while giving a speech. He is using an ancient mnemonic device called ________ .

a. the method of loci
b. the peg word method
c. the serial position effect
d. encoding by meaning

Answer: A. The Method of Loci

During the drive home from work, Gary's wife calls and asks him to stop at the grocery store and pick up the following list of items: milk, bananas, eggs, juice, apples, cheese, tea, yogurt, bread. Gary arrives home with six of the items. Which three is he most likely to have forgotten?

During the drive home from work, Gary's wife calls and asks him to stop at the grocery store and pick up the following list of items: milk, bananas, eggs, juice, apples, cheese, tea, yogurt, bread. Gary arrives home with six of the items. Which three is he most likely to have forgotten?

a. milk, bananas, bread
b. milk, bananas, eggs
c. juice, apples, cheese
d. tea, yogurt, bread


Answer: C. Juice, Apples, Cheese

Although Ken has been tying his own shoes every day for the past 30 years, he is having a hard time describing how to do it to his four-year-old daughter Kendra. His difficulty is because ________ memory is inaccessible to conscious awareness.

Although Ken has been tying his own shoes every day for the past 30 years, he is having a hard time describing how to do it to his four-year-old daughter Kendra. His difficulty is because ________ memory is inaccessible to conscious awareness.

a. expert
b. semantic
c. episodic
d. procedural


Answer: D. Procedural

Which of the following is NOT a type of long-term memory?

Which of the following is NOT a type of long-term memory?

a. periodic
b. procedural
c. semantic
d. episodic


Answer: A. Periodic

Which of the following is NOT one of the mechanisms of Baddeley's working memory model?

Which of the following is NOT one of the mechanisms of Baddeley's working memory model?

a. visuospatial sketch pad
b. central executive
c. phonological loop
d. sensory register


Answer: D. Sensory Register

Although both lists are the same length, CATDOGPIG is easier to remember than CXVRTDMLG due to a short-term memory strategy called ________ .

Although both lists are the same length, CATDOGPIG is easier to remember than CXVRTDMLG due to a short-term memory strategy called ________ .

a. the method of loci
b. chunking
c. the peg word method
d. animating


Answer: B. Chunking

________ is an exact copy of the environmental message, whereas ________ is usually in the form of an inner "voice."

________ is an exact copy of the environmental message, whereas ________ is usually in the form of an inner "voice."

a. short-term memory; long-term memory
b. short-term memory; sensory memory
c. sensory memory; short-term memory
d. long-term memory; short-term memory


Answer: C. Sensory Memory, Short Term Memory

In the Peterson distractor task, people are asked to recall a short list of three letters after delays ranging from 3 to 18 seconds. They were asked to count backward by threes during the delay. What does this test measure?

In the Peterson distractor task, people are asked to recall a short list of three letters after delays ranging from 3 to 18 seconds. They were asked to count backward by threes during the delay. What does this test measure?

a. sensory register capacity
b. the duration of short-term memory
c. long-term potentiation
d. the capacity of short-term memory


Answer: B. The duration of short term memory