Archive for February 2017

Suppose that Ricardo is sitting in class, that he is extremely hungry, and that he spots his neighbor munching on a tempting snack. If Ricardo is like MOST people, then his automatic system ____.

Suppose that Ricardo is sitting in class, that he is extremely hungry, and that he spots his neighbor munching on a tempting snack. If Ricardo is like MOST people, then his automatic system ____.



a. would not even notice
b. would notice but would not have any thoughts about it
c. would prompt him to snatch the snack away from the neighbor
d. would prompt him to think of a more socially acceptable way to get a snack





Answer: C

In order for humans to function effectively in society, ____.

In order for humans to function effectively in society, ____.



a. the automatic mind often needs to override the deliberate system
b. the deliberate mind often needs to override the automatic system
c. they need to focus on training the automatic system
d. they need to allow the deliberate system to operate more emotionally






Answer: B

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?



a. It would be impossible to function effectively in society without both the deliberate system and the automatic system.
b. It would be impossible to function effectively in society without the deliberate system, though one could function without the automatic system.
c. It would be impossible to function effectively in society without the automatic system, though one could function without the deliberate system.
d. Neither the automatic system nor the deliberate system is necessary to function effectively in society.






Answer: A

Psychologists who study the automatic versus deliberate systems have recently begun to conclude that the automatic mind does ____ than previously thought and is probably ____ than the conscious mind.

Psychologists who study the automatic versus deliberate systems have recently begun to conclude that the automatic mind does ____ than previously thought and is probably ____ than the conscious mind.


a. much more; much bigger
b. much more; much smaller
c. much less; much bigger
d. much less; much smaller





Answer: A

Devin claims that she does not have any negative stereotypes about women. But last week, when she called a technician to help her with a problem she was having with her computer, and the technician turned out to be a woman, a negative thought flashed through Devin's mind before she could stop herself ("Oh no," she thought, "a woman! A woman won't be able to help me with my problem!"). Devin surprised herself with this thought, and immediately tried to suppress it. What was going on here?

Devin claims that she does not have any negative stereotypes about women. But last week, when she called a technician to help her with a problem she was having with her computer, and the technician turned out to be a woman, a negative thought flashed through Devin's mind before she could stop herself ("Oh no," she thought, "a woman! A woman won't be able to help me with my problem!"). Devin surprised herself with this thought, and immediately tried to suppress it. What was going on here?


a. Devin's deliberate system was engaging in stereotyping.
b. Devin's deliberate system was engaging in prejudice.
c. Devin was showing a weak delay of gratification.
d. Devin's deliberate and automatic systems were "thinking" different things.







Answer: D

Suppose that you are in the market for a new car, and are having trouble deciding between two different models. If you ultimately decide to make your purchase based on the evaluations you read in Consumer Reports, then you are making a decision ____.

Suppose that you are in the market for a new car, and are having trouble deciding between two different models. If you ultimately decide to make your purchase based on the evaluations you read in Consumer Reports, then you are making a decision ____.



a. as a social animal (rather than a cultural animal)
b. based on the deliberate system (rather than the automatic system)
c. based on nature (rather than nurture)
d. based on the "bad is stronger than good" principle







Answer: B

Suppose that you are in the market for a new car, and are having trouble deciding between two different models. If you ultimately decide to "go with your gut," then you are making a decision ____.

Suppose that you are in the market for a new car, and are having trouble deciding between two different models. If you ultimately decide to "go with your gut," then you are making a decision ____.



a. as a social animal (rather than a cultural animal)
b. based on the automatic system (rather than the deliberate system)
c. based on nurture (rather than nature)
d. based on the "bad is stronger than good" principle







Answer: B

The automatic system ____.

The automatic system ____.





a. is incapable of experiencing emotions or having thoughts.
b. is incapable of experiencing emotions but is capable of having thoughts.
c. is capable of experiencing emotions but is incapable of having thoughts.
d. is capable both of experiencing emotions and of having thoughts.






Answer: D

Suppose that you were shown the calculation $5,672 + $2,004 + $2,744, and needed to calculate the sum quickly. How would your automatic system handle this information?

Suppose that you were shown the calculation $5,672 + $2,004 + $2,744, and needed to calculate the sum quickly. How would your automatic system handle this information?



a. It would quickly see that the sum is about $10,000, but would not calculate the exact amount.
b. It would calculate the exact sum, but would take a few moments.
c. It would not process this information at all, since only the deliberate system deals with calculations.
d. It would store the numbers and operators separately to pass along to the deliberate system for calculation.







Answer: A

The automatic system in the duplex mind is BEST characterized as ____.

The automatic system in the duplex mind is BEST characterized as ____.



a. a little devil that often prompts you to "misbehave"
b. a diary that keeps a record of all of your secret fantasies and fears
c. a computer that faithfully records each and every experience you have ever had
d. a team of little robots doing lots of simple jobs to make your life easier






Answer: D

The modern notion of the automatic system is BEST understood as ____.

The modern notion of the automatic system is BEST understood as ____.





a. a kind of conscious mind that warns you of danger based on immediate cognitive processes
b. a kind of conscious mind that helps you in decision-making
c. a kind of unconscious that is there to make your life easier
d. a Freudian kind of unconscious full of repressed urges and thoughts that you are afraid to think






Answer: C

How does the modern notion of the automatic system relate to the Freudian idea of the unconscious mind?

How does the modern notion of the automatic system relate to the Freudian idea of the unconscious mind?




a. They are completely unrelated ideas because of the physiological versus psychological bent of each.
b. They address opposite but complementary parts of the mind.
c. They both address the same part of the mind, but differ in their view of how this part functions.
d. They describe the exact same construct physiologically and psychologically.







Answer: C

When it comes to differences in familial sleeping arrangements across cultures, ____.

When it comes to differences in familial sleeping arrangements across cultures, ____.




a. Japan is the only culture where young children sleep with their parents.
b. the U.S. is the only culture where young children sleep alone.
c. there are essentially no differences across cultures.
d. there are a variety of different sleeping arrangements across cultures.







Answer: D

Are social psychologists concerned with cross-cultural differences in behavior?

Are social psychologists concerned with cross-cultural differences in behavior?



a. In general, no—because cross-cultural questions are usually left to cultural psychologists and anthropologists.
b. In general, no—because there are almost no cross-cultural differences in basic social psychological phenomena.
c. Somewhat—most social psychologists are cautious about generalizing their findings to different cultures, but the majority of research is still done only in the U.S.
d. In general, yes—most social psychologists are cautious about generalizing their findings to different cultures, and the majority of research is now replicated in at least one other culture before it is ever published.







Answer: C

The fact that collectivist cultures tend to spring up in places with abundant pathogens but individualist cultures tend to flourish in places with few pathogens best illustrates ____.

The fact that collectivist cultures tend to spring up in places with abundant pathogens but individualist cultures tend to flourish in places with few pathogens best illustrates ____. 




a. culture influencing nature
b. nature influencing culture
c. genetic mutation influencing evolution
d. evolution influencing the development of mutations






Answer: B

Why are collectivist cultures found in places where there tend to be many pathogens?

Why are collectivist cultures found in places where there tend to be many pathogens?



a. Cultures that are collectivist carry more disease.
b. Cultures that are collectivist tolerate nonconformity more, thereby creating more pathogens in the environment.
c. Cultures that develop in places with more pathogens put more pressure on people to conform in order to reduce the risk for disease.
d. Cultures that develop in places with more pathogens do not have the proper social structures to combat pathogens.







Answer: C

Which of the following is evidence of the success of human culture in biological terms?

Which of the following is evidence of the success of human culture in biological terms?




a. Humans have tripled their average lifespan largely by virtue of research.
b. Humans are been able to stop migration and locate in the most temperate geographic locations.
c. Humans have increased their happiness levels through higher levels of social cognition.
d. Humans have decreased their population to improve conditions for more of the population.







Answer: A

When a tornado hit Joplin, Missouri, many people from all over the United States donated money and time to help the individuals in need due to that disaster. This tendency to help even total strangers illustrates the textbook's classification of humans as ____.

When a tornado hit Joplin, Missouri, many people from all over the United States donated money and time to help the individuals in need due to that disaster. This tendency to help even total strangers illustrates the textbook's classification of humans as ____.




a. social animals
b. unconditionally generous
c. cultural animals
d. conflict-driven animals





Answer: C

Social animals will generally help ___.

Social animals will generally help ___.




a. anyone in need
b. relatives
c. other members of their community
d. total strangers




Answer: B

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?




a. Non-human animals do not communicate with one another at all.
b. Non-human animals communicate with one another, but they do not naturally have anything approximating human language.
c. A few non-human animals have language in the same way that humans do, but most only communicate in very basic ways.
d. While no non-human animals naturally have language in the same way that humans do, a few are capable of learning human language as well as humans.






Answer: B

Which of the following is most accurate regarding communication?

Which of the following is most accurate regarding communication?




a. Nonhuman species communicate visually and physically, but not aurally.
b. Nonhuman and human species communicate to relate past events.
c. All cultural animals use language to communicate.
d. Most social animals have as complex a set of communication mechanisms as that of human language.





Answer: C

Which of the following is true regarding division of labor and the exchange of goods and services?

Which of the following is true regarding division of labor and the exchange of goods and services?



a. These concepts are by and large unique to humans.
b. All cultural animals and social animals incorporate these concepts.
c. All cultural animals, but only some social animals, incorporate these ideas.
d. Not social animals naturally incorporate these ideas, but all social animals can learn them through imitation.





Answer: A

One of the things that sets culture apart, and is one of its major advantages, is ____.

One of the things that sets culture apart, and is one of its major advantages, is ____.



a. progress—the ability to store and build upon the knowledge and achievements of previous generations.
b. communication—the ability to convey thoughts and preferences, even if just in one-word utterances or grunts.
c. coordination—the ability for organisms to act together in a unified, organized fashion.
d. the ability for organisms to engage in mutually beneficial actions—even if these actions are just between two relatives of the same species.






Answer: A

Humans today still benefit from the famous invention of the Wright brothers (the airplane). Even though they have been dead for generations, their basic technology still lives on, and modern aircrafts have built off of and elaborated upon their invention. What best describes this?

Humans today still benefit from the famous invention of the Wright brothers (the airplane). Even though they have been dead for generations, their basic technology still lives on, and modern aircrafts have built off of and elaborated upon their invention. What best describes this?



a. generational division of labor
b. network of trade and exchange
c. praxis of creativity
d. progress through preservation of knowledge





Answer: D

Humans today still benefit from the famous invention of Alexander Graham Bell (the telephone). Even though Bell has been dead for generations, the basic technology he invented still lives on, and modern telephone systems have built off of and elaborated upon his invention. What best describes this?

Humans today still benefit from the famous invention of Alexander Graham Bell (the telephone). Even though Bell has been dead for generations, the basic technology he invented still lives on, and modern telephone systems have built off of and elaborated upon his invention. What best describes this?



a. generational division of labor
b. network of trade and exchange
c. praxis of creativity
d. progress through preservation of knowledge






Answer: D

Humans are different from other animals in several different ways. For example, unlike other animals, humans ____.

Humans are different from other animals in several different ways. For example, unlike other animals, humans ____.




a. typically help next-of-kin in emergency situations
b. communicate about events or entities that are present in the moment
c. are able to form groups with multiple roles
d. prefer to take on one primary social role in their group






Answer: C

Which of the following is a cultural act (rather than just a social act)?

Which of the following is a cultural act (rather than just a social act)?



a. A group of ants working together to carry a piece of watermelon across the street
b. A group of baby ducks imitating the walk of an older duck
c. Two dogs aggressively barking at one another
d. A group of citizens obeying the state's laws about littering





Answer: D

Unlike social animals, cultural animals ____.

Unlike social animals, cultural animals ____.



a. coordinate their actions to act together as a mass
b. copy things that they see each other doing
c. communicate with each other
d. sometimes help complete strangers






Answer: D

In all contemporary human cultures, homosexual behavior is ____.

In all contemporary human cultures, homosexual behavior is ____.




a. generally upon with disapproval.
b. now accepted.
c. viewed differently, in that it is accepted in some cultures and not accepted in others.
d. generally looked down upon for males, but sometimes tolerated or even encouraged for females.





Answer: C

Research on cross-cultural differences in sexuality has found that sex manuals written thousands of years ago in China covered ____ techniques that one would find in a sex manual today.

Research on cross-cultural differences in sexuality has found that sex manuals written thousands of years ago in China covered ____ techniques that one would find in a sex manual today.




a. almost exactly the same
b. very little, and did not discuss almost any of the
c. a great deal more than the relatively simple
d. completely different techniques than the





Answer: A

Research indicates that, across all contemporary human cultures, ____.

Research indicates that, across all contemporary human cultures, ____.





a. homosexuality is looked upon with disapproval.
b. sex outside of marriage is illegal.
c. women are expected to be virgins when married.
d. men desire more sexual partners than women.





Answer: D

Vegetarianism is best described as an example of ____.

Vegetarianism is best described as an example of ____.



a. ideas, or culture, impacting human behavior.
b. social, rather than cultural, behavior.
c. a genetic mutation.
d. an American praxis.







Answer: A

Among animal species that are meat-eating, ____.

Among animal species that are meat-eating, ____.



a. humans are the only species in which some individuals choose to be vegetarian.
b. about 5% of the population of most species choose to be vegetarian.
c. about 50% of the population of most species choose to be vegetarian.
d. the tendency to follow a mostly vegetarian (rather than meat-eating) diet appears to be largely genetic.





Answer: A

Unlike virtually all other animals, humans ____.

Unlike virtually all other animals, humans ____.



a. feel bad when they do not have enough to eat
b. develop strong aversions to any foods that have previously made them ill
c. will eat or not eat certain foods because of ideas
d. sometimes eat up to four or five times per day







Answer: C

The relative age effect best illustrates ____.

The relative age effect best illustrates ____.




a. culture as praxis
b. culture as a system
c. culture as shared ideas
d. culture interacting with nature








Answer: D

Molly was born in September, and the cutoff for going to kindergarten in her school district is August 1st. Based on the relative age effect, Molly will MOST likely ____.

Molly was born in September, and the cutoff for going to kindergarten in her school district is August 1st. Based on the relative age effect, Molly will MOST likely ____.



a. be one of the youngest in her class and therefore have an advantage.
b. be one of the oldest in her class and therefore have an advantage.
c. be one of the youngest in her class and therefore have a disadvantage.
d. be one of the oldest in her class and therefore have a disadvantage.






Answer: B

Keith Chen's work with animals and money suggests which of the following conclusions?

Keith Chen's work with animals and money suggests which of the following conclusions?




a. Animals were unable learn to deal with money in any fashion.
b. Animals were capable of learning a rudimentary grasp of money handling.
c. Animals were capable of using money with each other but never with humans.
d. Animals were capable of learning all aspects of money.





Answer: B

Kirk works hard to earn as much money as he can. He tries to be a good steward of his money, using it to buy a solid house for his family to live in, healthy food for them to eat, cars so they can get around town, and so forth. Kirk's approach to money is most consistent with which of the following metaphors that Lea and Webley proposed to explain the human motivation towards the pursuit of money?

Kirk works hard to earn as much money as he can. He tries to be a good steward of his money, using it to buy a solid house for his family to live in, healthy food for them to eat, cars so they can get around town, and so forth. Kirk's approach to money is most consistent with which of the following metaphors that Lea and Webley proposed to explain the human motivation towards the pursuit of money?



a. instinct
b. tool
c. drug
d. bank




Answer: B

Marlena works and works to earn as much money as she can, but she will rarely spend it, even to get things that she really needs. Marlena's behavior illustrates which analogy that Lea and Webley proposed to explain human motivation with respect to money?

Marlena works and works to earn as much money as she can, but she will rarely spend it, even to get things that she really needs. Marlena's behavior illustrates which analogy that Lea and Webley proposed to explain human motivation with respect to money?




a. instinct
b. tool
c. drug
d. bank







Answer: C

Which of the following is the LEAST likely explanation for one's motivation to work in pursuit of money?

Which of the following is the LEAST likely explanation for one's motivation to work in pursuit of money?




a. Money operates as a kind of tool to get what one wants.
b. Money is similar to a drug in that it is pleasurable for its own sake.
c. Money is an innate need ingrained in human nature since its existence.
d. Money helps people obtain things that they desire.







Answer: C

Money's relationship with human biology is BEST described as ____.

Money's relationship with human biology is BEST described as ____.



a. a financial "instinct"
b. one that is programmed into our DNA
c. an innately desirable commodity
d. a development that is too recent to have directly shaped human nature biologically







Answer: D

Money has been part of human culture since ____.

Money has been part of human culture since ____.



a. the beginning of time
b. early civilizations
c. about three thousand years ago
d. only the past few hundred years





Answer: C

Which of the following is an example of a French praxis?

Which of the following is an example of a French praxis?



a. The French flag
b. Drinking wine with dinner
c. The French belief in ethnic assimilation
d. France's close ties with other European nations






Answer: B

Which of the following is the best example of praxis in American culture?

Which of the following is the best example of praxis in American culture?



a. The practice of children sleeping in separate rooms from their parents
b. The increasing gap between the rich and the poor
c. The belief in freedom of religion
d. America's intervention ("War on Terror") in Iraq







Answer: A

The term praxis best describes ____.

The term praxis best describes ____.




a. cultural diversity
b. social hierarchies
c. practical ways of doing things
d. shared belief systems






Answer: C

Culture is best defined as ____, involving both ____, that allows people to live together and satisfy each other's needs.

Culture is best defined as ____, involving both ____, that allows people to live together and satisfy each other's needs.



a. an information-based system; shared ideas and praxis
b. an information-based system; morals and customs
c. a language-based system; praxis and laws
d. a language-based system; shared ideas and customs







Answer: A

Consider the many steps involved in how most people get their food in modern societies (e.g., steps involving everything from farms to factories to stores). This process is a good example of ____.

Consider the many steps involved in how most people get their food in modern societies (e.g., steps involving everything from farms to factories to stores). This process is a good example of ____.




a. "the conscious override"
b. "the selfish gene"
c. "nature says go, culture says stop"
d. "putting people first"







Answer: D

Which of the following is the best example of a "system" as that term is defined in your text?

Which of the following is the best example of a "system" as that term is defined in your text?



a. A network of computers that are all connected to each other
b. A classroom of students listening to a professor lecture
c. A rainforest in which different species of plants and animals depend on each other
d. A building in which all the different forms of structural support keep it standing




Answer: C

Joe is from a Baptist background. Sarah is from a Lutheran background. They are arguing about whether or not it is "right" to baptize infants into the Christian faith. Even though they disagree on infant baptism, their argument is based on their common belief that the Christian faith is truth. This feature that underlies their argument illustrates what element of culture?

Joe is from a Baptist background. Sarah is from a Lutheran background. They are arguing about whether or not it is "right" to baptize infants into the Christian faith. Even though they disagree on infant baptism, their argument is based on their common belief that the Christian faith is truth. This feature that underlies their argument illustrates what element of culture?



a. Culture as system
b. Culture as shared ideas
c. Culture as praxis
d. Culture as information







Answer: B

The term "culture" originally referred to ____.

The term "culture" originally referred to ____.




a. the human propensity to seek connections with others
b. artistic and musical achievements
c. what a large group of people have in common
d. a system of farming







Answer: D

According to your text, the downside of being social is that ____.

According to your text, the downside of being social is that ____.




a. you have to have a bigger brain
b. it is more difficult to achieve than a solitary life
c. you have to have social support
d. you have to be able to resolve conflict






Answer: B

The human brain evolved to be larger than other animals' brains because it allowed humans to ____.

The human brain evolved to be larger than other animals' brains because it allowed humans to ____.




a. evolve from a sustenance way of life to an agrarian way of life.
b. domesticate and control other species that posed significant threats.
c. have rich and complex interpersonal relationships.
d. learn how to plant, harvest, and store food.







Answer: C

Seahorses show a reversal of the usual sex roles; male seahorses invest more time and energy into offspring than female seahorses do. What would an evolutionary psychologist be MOST likely to say about this?

Seahorses show a reversal of the usual sex roles; male seahorses invest more time and energy into offspring than female seahorses do. What would an evolutionary psychologist be MOST likely to say about this?





a. The females are nonetheless probably still more interested in long-term, monogamous relationships than the males.
b. The females are nonetheless probably still more interested in having offspring than the males.
c. The males are probably even more interested (than males of other species) in finding a female mate who is physically attractive.
d. The males are probably less interested (than the males of other species) in having multiple sex partners.







Answer: D

According to evolutionary theory, the main reason that males and females have different approaches when it comes to dating and mating is because ____.

According to evolutionary theory, the main reason that males and females have different approaches when it comes to dating and mating is because ____.





a. males can have many more offspring than females in their lifetimes, with minimal investments of time and energy per offspring
b. males are more visually-oriented than females
c. females are physically weaker and more prone to diseases, including sexually-transmitted diseases
d. females are naturally more nurturing and emotionally intelligent than males




Answer: A

"Social brain theory" states that ____.

"Social brain theory" states that ____.



a. the human brain evolved to enable humans to have rich, complex social lives
b. the human brain evolved to allow humans to develop language
c. humans are born with access to a "collective unconscious" (certain types of cumulative social knowledge)
d. unlike to the left and right hemispheres in the brains of other animals, the two hemispheres in the human brain are much more "social" (communicative) with one another







Answer: A

Consider a mutation of the gene that determines the lifespan of a woman. The mutation changes the female lifespan from 75 to 150 years for the woman with the mutation. This mutation would ____.

Consider a mutation of the gene that determines the lifespan of a woman. The mutation changes the female lifespan from 75 to 150 years for the woman with the mutation. This mutation would ____.





a. definitely be passed on and increase over time in future generations
b. probably remain rare and not be passed on
c. possibly be passed on or not, depending on how it interacted with the woman's childbearing frequency
d. increase the number of sex partners the woman would want to have





Answer: C

A mutation is a(n) ____.

A mutation is a(n) ____.



a. new gene or combination of genes
b. representation of the fittest genes in the current generation
c. genetic defect
d. change in genetic structure resulting from chemical exposure







Answer: A

Reproductive success is defined by biologists as ____.

Reproductive success is defined by biologists as ____.




a. the ability to have offspring
b. the ability to have multiple offspring
c. the ability to have multiple offspring who survive
d. the ability to have multiple offspring who also reproduce






Answer: D

Which of the following statements about survival is most accurate?

Which of the following statements about survival is most accurate?




a. Survival is based on individual fitness, not on situational constraints.
b. Survival depends totally on circumstances, not on individual fitness.
c. Survival depends in part on both individual fitness and on environmental circumstance.
d. Survival depends on gene mutation.







Answer: C

According to the text, which of the following best describes "change" in the traits of living things?

According to the text, which of the following best describes "change" in the traits of living things?



a. Nature plans ahead and designs certain kinds of changes.
b. Nature allows for living things to remain essentially unchanged from one generation to the next.
c. Nature produces changes in living things that are essentially random.
d. Nature, through the process of reproduction, is guaranteed to produce predictable outcomes in the traits of offspring.






Answer: C

Which of the following statements is true regarding the phrase "survival of the fittest"?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the phrase "survival of the fittest"?



a. The term "survival" refers to survival of genes in a population's gene pool.
b. The term "fittest" refers to the physical fitness of individual organisms.
c. It applies only to animals that do not have a division of labor.
d. It applies only to animals that do not have culture.







Answer: A

Natural selection is best summed up by which phrase?

Natural selection is best summed up by which phrase?




a. The best genes will survive to subsequent generations.
b. Certain behaviors exist that are "natural."
c. The most physically fit people will always survive the longest.
d. If something is natural, then it's right.






Answer: A

According to evolutionary theory, the traits of which man should be most favored by natural selection?

According to evolutionary theory, the traits of which man should be most favored by natural selection?



a. Tom, who has one child, and dies when he is 100.
b. Juan, who has two children, and dies when he is 50.
c. Oded, who has four children, and dies when he is 25.
d. There is no difference; the traits of all three men will be equally favored.






Answer: C

In evolutionary theory, the process of natural selection MOST favors ____.

In evolutionary theory, the process of natural selection MOST favors ____.





a. the genes of people who are most physically fit
b. the genes of people who reproduce the most
c. the genes of people who survive the longest (even if they don't reproduce)
d. the most unique (uncommon) genes in a population








Answer: B

In social psychology, the "nature versus nurture" debate ____.

In social psychology, the "nature versus nurture" debate ____.




a. rages on with more fervor as more controversies arise about its essential premise
b. has largely died out; most social psychologists maintain that human behavior is shaped mostly by social forces
c. has largely died out; most social psychologists maintain that human behavior is shaped mostly by genetic forces
d. has been reframed; the debate now concerns how nature and nurture interact with one another and influence one another







Answer: D

What is the most accurate statement regarding psychological processes?

What is the most accurate statement regarding psychological processes?




a. They are mostly based on nature throughout a person's life.
b. They are based on a complex interaction between nature and culture throughout a person's life.
c. They are mostly based on nature in infancy, and mostly based on culture in childhood and adulthood.
d. They are mostly based on culture in infancy and childhood, and mostly based on nature in adulthood.







Answer: B

Understanding what the human psyche was designed to do can help us to understand human behavior in the same way that

Understanding what the human psyche was designed to do can help us to understand human behavior in the same way that




a. reading a product manual can help us understand what a product will do, and how it will react when treated in different ways.
b. reading a book report can help to shed light on, and elaborate upon, the ideas presented in a book.
c. explaining an idea to someone else can help us to better understand the idea ourselves.
d. determining the character of a person is largely based upon what kinds of friends that person has.






Answer: A

Jim's therapist concluded that there was "a lot going on in his psyche last week." What did his therapist mean by this?

Jim's therapist concluded that there was "a lot going on in his psyche last week." What did his therapist mean by this?



a. Jim had a busy week last week.
b. Jim had a lot on his mind last week.
c. Jim had a lot going on last week in terms of his interpersonal relationships.
d. Jim had a poor sense of reality last week (in terms of who he was, where he was, what the date was, and so forth).







Answer: B

The term "psyche" refers to ___.

The term "psyche" refers to ___.



a. the self-concept.
b. the conscious mind only.
c. the unconscious mind only.
d. both the conscious and unconscious mind.






Answer: D

Suppose that a child who was born a biological female were raised as boy (given a male name, dressed in male clothes, etc.). Based on similar cases that have occurred in the past, it would be reasonable to expect that the child would ____.

Suppose that a child who was born a biological female were raised as boy (given a male name, dressed in male clothes, etc.). Based on similar cases that have occurred in the past, it would be reasonable to expect that the child would ____.




a. grow up to be a "normal" man.
b. feel and act "different" from childhood on.
c. feel and act "different" starting in early adulthood.
d. feel and act "different" in childhood, but ultimately grow up to be a "normal" man.







Answer: B

If a child who was born a biological male were raised as a girl, what would happen?

If a child who was born a biological male were raised as a girl, what would happen?



a. The child would probably grow up to be a lesbian.
b. The child would probably feel "different" from other girls throughout childhood, and ultimately seek to live life as a male.
c. The child would actually most likely grow up to be a "normal" woman.
d. It is impossible to predict; there are no known "patterns."







Answer: B

The case of Little Brenda, who was born a biological male but raised as a girl, illustrates that ____.

The case of Little Brenda, who was born a biological male but raised as a girl, illustrates that ____.





a. virtually all human behavior is determined by nature rather than culture.
b. gender identity is almost completely based on upbringing rather than biology.
c. socialization is a powerful force, but there are limits to how much it can influence people.
d. as people age, nature becomes increasingly less important and nurture becomes increasingly more important.





Answer: C
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