Do people usually think in optimistic or overly ambitious ways when they are setting goals and/or striving to achieve goals?

Do people usually think in optimistic or overly ambitious ways when they are setting goals and/or striving to achieve goals? a. Yes, they tend...

Research indicates that when people are setting goals, they tend to think in a(n) ____ way, and when they are pursuing or striving for goals, they to think in a(n) ____ way.

Research indicates that when people are setting goals, they tend to think in a(n) ____ way, and when they are pursuing or striving for goals, they to...

When people are setting goals, the core question is, ____. When people are pursuing goals, the core question is, ____.

When people are setting goals, the core question is, ____. When people are pursuing goals, the core question is, ____. a. "Why should I do it?";...

Research on positive illusions and goal-setting indicates that ____.

Research on positive illusions and goal-setting indicates that ____. a. when setting goals, most people set aside positive illusions, and are (at...

When people are asked to list their current goals and personal projects, the average list contains ____.

When people are asked to list their current goals and personal projects, the average list contains ____. a. no items (most people do not have well-formulated...

Personal projects, or personal strivings, are also known as ____.

Personal projects, or personal strivings, are also known as ____. a. levels of meaning b. monitoring c. goals d. forms of self-reference Answer:...

Suppose that an annoying co-worker is always making passes at you and trying to ask you out on dates. Research on the panic button effect suggests that you would be less troubled by this person if ____.

Suppose that an annoying co-worker is always making passes at you and trying to ask you out on dates. Research on the panic button effect suggests that...

Suppose that Peter hates his job as a medical assistant. Research on the panic button effect would suggest that Peter would hate his job less if ____.

Suppose that Peter hates his job as a medical assistant. Research on the panic button effect would suggest that Peter would hate his job less if ____. a....

The so-called panic button effect refers to the tendency for people ____.

The so-called panic button effect refers to the tendency for people ____. a. to experience automatic, intrusive thoughts about a goal when pursuit...

Research indicates that people who believe that they are acting autonomously, based on intrinsic motivations, are ____ compared people who believe that their behavior is guided by external forces and extrinsic motivations.

Research indicates that people who believe that they are acting autonomously, based on intrinsic motivations, are ____ compared people who believe that...

According to self-determination theory, people who act based on _____ are more free than others.

According to self-determination theory, people who act based on _____ are more free than others. a. intrinsic motivations b. extrinsic motivations c....

The idea that at least some of our activities must be motivated by their inner drives and choices, rather than by external factors, reflects ____.

The idea that at least some of our activities must be motivated by their inner drives and choices, rather than by external factors, reflects ____. a....

Self-determination theory states that people have an innate need ____.

Self-determination theory states that people have an innate need ____. a. to set life goals b. to achieve their goals c. to feel that they are better...

Research findings suggesting that people become less prosocial when induced to reject their belief in free will most likely indicate that ____.

Research findings suggesting that people become less prosocial when induced to reject their belief in free will most likely indicate that ____. a....

Which of the following statements about free will is BEST supported by your text?

Which of the following statements about free will is BEST supported by your text? a. Absolute free will is important to social behavior. b. Relative...

When human animals rely on meaning to make their choices, they are able to look at meaning ____.

When human animals rely on meaning to make their choices, they are able to look at meaning ____. a. with clarity, leading to one decision path b....

Among humans, greater freedom is associated with ____.

Among humans, greater freedom is associated with ____. a. simple decision-making b. greater behavioral flexibility c. automatic processing d. lower...

When experimental manipulations have induced people to reject their free will, they tend to ____.

When experimental manipulations have induced people to reject their free will, they tend to ____. a. behave in a prosocial manner b. become more cooperative...

According to the text, do most psychologists today believe that people have free will?

According to the text, do most psychologists today believe that people have free will? a. Yes. b. No. c. Psychologists are currently divided on the...

Maureen thinks that her abilities are fluid and capable of changing and developing over time. She decides to try to learn to garden. Her first year of planting is a complete failure--nearly every plant dies. She only harvests a few tomatoes. Given what you know about Maureen, what can you predict about her interest in gardening?

Maureen thinks that her abilities are fluid and capable of changing and developing over time. She decides to try to learn to garden. Her first year...

Failure will most likely produce learned helplessness for ____.

Failure will most likely produce learned helplessness for ____. a. entity theorists b. incremental theorists c. people engaged in self-regulation d....

The experience of learned helplessness is ____.

The experience of learned helplessness is ____. a. more likely to occur for an entity theorist than an incremental theorist b. more likely to occur...

___ occurs when people think they will fail so they quit trying to succeed.

___ occurs when people think they will fail so they quit trying to succeed. a. Risk aversion b. Error management c. Learned helplessness d. Goal...

Jonah is in his psychology class and has just gotten his third exam score back. It's an "F" again! He hasn't passed one single exam this semester. He decides to quit studying for that class at all since it hasn't seemed to help much. Jonah is exhibiting ____.

Jonah is in his psychology class and has just gotten his third exam score back. It's an "F" again! He hasn't passed one single exam this semester. He...

One advantage of being an incremental theorist rather than an entity theorist is that ____.

One advantage of being an incremental theorist rather than an entity theorist is that ____. a. you are more likely to believe that you are good at...

Research on entity and incremental theorists has shown that, compared to Japanese athletes, American athletes are more likely to be ____ theorists, and thus more likely to view their athletic skills as ____.

Research on entity and incremental theorists has shown that, compared to Japanese athletes, American athletes are more likely to be ____ theorists,...

Research on entity and incremental theorists has shown that they tend to make different kinds of attributions for other people's behaviors. Specifically, compared to entity theorists, incremental theorists tend to make more ____, for example suggesting that others' behaviors are the result of ____.

Research on entity and incremental theorists has shown that they tend to make different kinds of attributions for other people's behaviors. Specifically,...

Rachel has taken French for years and is very good at it. Nonetheless, she just enrolled in Intermediate French (which will be easy for her) rather than Advanced French (which will be slightly challenging but not impossible). It is probably safe to assume that Rachel ____.

Rachel has taken French for years and is very good at it. Nonetheless, she just enrolled in Intermediate French (which will be easy for her) rather...

Compared to incremental theorists, entity theorists show a ____.

Compared to incremental theorists, entity theorists show a ____. a. stronger preference for doing things at which they are good b. greater interest...

Ursula believes that traits and abilities as fixed at birth and remain the same no matter what. By contrast, Yuri believes that people develop their traits and abilities across time, and that they can become better and better with practice. Social psychologists would say that Ursula is a(n) ____ while Yuri is a(n) ____.

Ursula believes that traits and abilities as fixed at birth and remain the same no matter what. By contrast, Yuri believes that people develop their...

In social psychology, people who regard traits and abilities as fixed and stable are known as ____, while people who believe that it is possible to change and improve traits and abilities are known as ____.

In social psychology, people who regard traits and abilities as fixed and stable are known as ____, while people who believe that it is possible to...

An old advertisement for Dove ice cream bars touted the bars as "sinfully" delicious—so delicious that they should be banned or forbidden. The advertisement, which sought to make the bars seem as attractive to people as possible, was apparently playing on ____.

An old advertisement for Dove ice cream bars touted the bars as "sinfully" delicious—so delicious that they should be banned or forbidden. The advertisement,...

One of the common consequences of reactance is ____.

One of the common consequences of reactance is ____. a. looking to the social environment for approval b. becoming depressed or withdrawn c. acting...

Movies with "R" ratings tend to be more appealing to children and teens than similar movies with "G" or "PG" ratings. This finding is good evidence of ____.

Movies with "R" ratings tend to be more appealing to children and teens than similar movies with "G" or "PG" ratings. This finding is good evidence...

Some research suggests that when parents are extremely strict, their children become especially tempted to engage in deviant behaviors. For example, when parents forbid their teen children from going to parties, the teens report being even more attracted to parties and even more interested in attending. These findings are most consistent with ____.

Some research suggests that when parents are extremely strict, their children become especially tempted to engage in deviant behaviors. For example,...

The term ____ refers to the idea that people are distressed by loss of freedom or loss of options, and that they will seek to reclaim or reassert them.

The term ____ refers to the idea that people are distressed by loss of freedom or loss of options, and that they will seek to reclaim or reassert them. a....

Suppose that you went out on two dates with someone from one of your classes. You were not crazy about the person, but you did not dislike the person either. You thought that you would just wait and see how things turned out. Surprisingly, however, the person sent you an e-mail after your second date and wrote: "I just don't think we have good chemistry, but it was nice meeting you! Sayonara!" All of a sudden, the person becomes much more attractive to you. You wonder what you did wrong, and you strategize about how to get another chance. You are most likely experiencing ____.

Suppose that you went out on two dates with someone from one of your classes. You were not crazy about the person, but you did not dislike the person...

Aimee is moving to a new state and has looked at numerous houses. She is avoiding making a decision on which one to purchase because she knows once she chooses, she may find a better house she would have loved even more. What best explains Aimee's decision avoidance?

Aimee is moving to a new state and has looked at numerous houses. She is avoiding making a decision on which one to purchase because she knows once...

What theme(s) best explain decision avoidance?

What theme(s) best explain decision avoidance? a. The idea that some choices are too difficult and the idea of temporal discounting b. The idea of...

Much of the time, people are interested in keeping their options open rather than making restrictive, final decisions. Two biases that help them avoid making decisions are ____.

Much of the time, people are interested in keeping their options open rather than making restrictive, final decisions. Two biases that help them avoid...

The status quo bias is different from the omission bias in that the former is about making decisions that ____, while the latter is about making decisions that ____.

The status quo bias is different from the omission bias in that the former is about making decisions that ____, while the latter is about making decisions...

Even though Mildred knows that her relationship with her boyfriend is in trouble, she decides not to do anything about it (i.e., she will simply neglect the relationship and let it slowly fall to pieces). Social psychologists would say that her decision to do nothing most reflects ____.

Even though Mildred knows that her relationship with her boyfriend is in trouble, she decides not to do anything about it (i.e., she will simply neglect...

How do social psychologists refer to the tendency to take whatever course of action does not require you to do anything (also called the default option)?

How do social psychologists refer to the tendency to take whatever course of action does not require you to do anything (also called the default option)? a....

The status quo bias is one form of ____ in decision-making.

The status quo bias is one form of ____ in decision-making. a. monitoring b. reactance c. avoidance d. temporal discounting Answer: ...

The so-called "status quo bias" in decision-making refers to the tendency for people to ____.

The so-called "status quo bias" in decision-making refers to the tendency for people to ____. a. want to keep things the way they are instead of...

Suppose that Sergej has just asked Georgia whether she would like to study with him for an upcoming English exam. Georgia is struggling in the class, and she knows that Sergej is an excellent English student, so she enthusiastically agrees and says that she is excited to study with him. According to error management theory, it is likely that Sergej will view Georgia's enthusiasm as a sign that ____.

Suppose that Sergej has just asked Georgia whether she would like to study with him for an upcoming English exam. Georgia is struggling in the class,...

Suppose that Sergej has just asked Georgia whether she would like to study with him for an upcoming English exam. Georgia is struggling in the class, and she knows that Sergej is an excellent English student, so she enthusiastically agrees. Meanwhile, Sergej interprets her enthusiasm as a sign that she might have a crush on him, and he therefore suggests that the two of them grab a bite to eat together before studying; "Georgia is very attractive," he thinks to himself, "so why not?" Georgia, meanwhile, who is completely clueless about what is on Sergej mind, muses to herself, "well, that is so nice of him to think that I might be hungry; what a nice study partner!" The fact that Sergej and Georgia interpret things so differently here is most consistent with ____.

Suppose that Sergej has just asked Georgia whether she would like to study with him for an upcoming English exam. Georgia is struggling in the class,...

According to error management theory, when it comes to making decisions about dating members of the opposite sex, men will be relatively more prone to ____, while women will be relatively more prone to ____.

According to error management theory, when it comes to making decisions about dating members of the opposite sex, men will be relatively more prone...

Recent research has demonstrated that men and women perceive certain behaviors differently: Men are more likely than women to assume that an innocent smile is a sign of flirtation, while women are more likely than men to assume that blatant flirtation is merely a sign of friendliness. These research findings are most consistent with ____.

Recent research has demonstrated that men and women perceive certain behaviors differently: Men are more likely than women to assume that an innocent...

According to ____ theory, when it comes to dating and mating members of the opposite sex, men will take advantage of every opportunity to pass along their genes.

According to ____ theory, when it comes to dating and mating members of the opposite sex, men will take advantage of every opportunity to pass along...

Error management theory suggests that, when it comes to dating and mating members of the opposite sex, men will be more prone to ____ than women.

Error management theory suggests that, when it comes to dating and mating members of the opposite sex, men will be more prone to ____ than women. a....

When you are deciding between two apartments, assuming you can afford both of them and they are both adequate for your needs, what feature should you pay most attention to if you want to maximize your satisfaction with the apartment a year after you have moved in?

When you are deciding between two apartments, assuming you can afford both of them and they are both adequate for your needs, what feature should you...

Mark is comparing two jobs. One pays $70,000 per year, but will be very stressful. The other pays $60,000, but will be less stressful. According to research presented in your text on Money Matters, Mark will ____.

Mark is comparing two jobs. One pays $70,000 per year, but will be very stressful. The other pays $60,000, but will be less stressful. According to...

When participant's in Bazerman et al.'s (1992) study predicted their reaction to only one of two options presented to them for resolving a financial dispute with a neighbor, which option was generally preferred across participants?

When participant's in Bazerman et al.'s (1992) study predicted their reaction to only one of two options presented to them for resolving a financial...

When participants in Bazerman et al.'s (1992) study compared two options for resolving a dispute with a neighbor, what did they generally prefer?

When participants in Bazerman et al.'s (1992) study compared two options for resolving a dispute with a neighbor, what did they generally prefer? a....

When people are making choices between two options that differ both qualitatively and quantitatively, they tend to focus on ____.

When people are making choices between two options that differ both qualitatively and quantitatively, they tend to focus on ____. a. quantitative...

As discussed in the text, when purchasing a car, people end up paying a bit more attention than intended to choices such as color and engine size, and a bit less attention than intended on information such as the chances of fatalities should there be an accident with the car. This pattern can be taken as evidence for ____.

As discussed in the text, when purchasing a car, people end up paying a bit more attention than intended to choices such as color and engine size, and...

The so-called "certainty effect" in decision-making refers to tendency for people to give greater weight to ____ than to ____.

The so-called "certainty effect" in decision-making refers to tendency for people to give greater weight to ____ than to ____. a. definite outcomes;...

What is temporal discounting?

What is temporal discounting? a. The tendency for people to forget about the time that will be required to achieve things when setting goals b. The...

The tendency for people to place greater weight on the present over the future in decision-making is known as ____.

The tendency for people to place greater weight on the present over the future in decision-making is known as ____. a. the certainty effect b. temporal...

Many people do not invest in 401K plans or other retirement plans—even though they are not broke, and could afford to put money aside. One explanation for this is the fact that people tend to engage in ____ when making decisions about how to manage their money.

Many people do not invest in 401K plans or other retirement plans—even though they are not broke, and could afford to put money aside. One explanation...

Even though she is not in desperate need of boots, Ellen says that she would rather buy a pair of boots today (for $200) rather than wait two weeks, when they will be on sale for half the price. Ellen's decision most likely involves ____.

Even though she is not in desperate need of boots, Ellen says that she would rather buy a pair of boots today (for $200) rather than wait two weeks,...

People tend to say that they would prefer to have $1000 today rather than $1200 two weeks from now—even though, logically, they would be better off with the $1200 in two weeks. The phenomena underlying this tendency is known as ____.

People tend to say that they would prefer to have $1000 today rather than $1200 two weeks from now—even though, logically, they would be better off...

Research shows that when making decisions, MOST people are more interested in ____ as opposed to ____.

Research shows that when making decisions, MOST people are more interested in ____ as opposed to ____. a. avoiding losses; pursuing gains b. pursuing...

The tendency to give more weight to possible losses than to possible gains when making decisions that require trade-offs is known as ____.

The tendency to give more weight to possible losses than to possible gains when making decisions that require trade-offs is known as ____. a. the...

MOST people show a tendency ____ when making decisions that require tradeoffs.

MOST people show a tendency ____ when making decisions that require tradeoffs. a. to give more weight to possible losses than to possible gains b....

Most research focuses on the ____ step of decision-making, which involves ____.

Most research focuses on the ____ step of decision-making, which involves ____. a. first; whittling the full range of choices down to a limited few b....

Research on decision-making indicates that there are two main steps in making choices. They are ____.

Research on decision-making indicates that there are two main steps in making choices. They are ____. a. ruling out the "losers" in the full range...

Research suggests that when athletes who are preparing for a big game visualize themselves training really hard for the game, they ____; when they visualize themselves actually winning the game, they ____.

Research suggests that when athletes who are preparing for a big game visualize themselves training really hard for the game, they ____; when they visualize...

Joe has a big Spanish exam coming up next week. Will it help him if he visualizes himself acing the exam? What about if he visualizes himself studying really hard for the exam?

Joe has a big Spanish exam coming up next week. Will it help him if he visualizes himself acing the exam? What about if he visualizes himself studying...

William James, the father of American psychology, once wrote: "Thinking is for doing." What did he mean by this?

William James, the father of American psychology, once wrote: "Thinking is for doing." What did he mean by this? a. The human brain probably developed...

Psychology Intelligence Multiple Choice Questions

In considering the nature of intelligence, experts would most likely agree that intelligence should be defined as a(n): A. inborn ability to perform...