A researcher wants to find out whether campers prefer cotton or nylon sleeping bags. A troop of boy campers tried cotton and a troop of girl campers tried nylon sleeping bags. The sleeping bags were rated for softness and warmth. The confounding variable is

A researcher wants to find out whether campers prefer cotton or nylon sleeping bags. A troop of boy campers tried cotton and a troop of girl campers tried nylon sleeping bags. The sleeping bags were rated for softness and warmth. The confounding variable is

a. cotton or nylon material.
b. campsite.
c. softness.
d. gender of camper.

Answer: gender of camper.

A developmental psychologist measures aggressive behaviour in a group of second-grade children before and then again after viewing an aggressive cartoon. This design would best represent a(n) _______ design.

A developmental psychologist measures aggressive behaviour in a group of second-grade children before and then again after viewing an aggressive cartoon. This design would best represent a(n) _______ design.

a. independent groups
b. random time series
c. Solomon four-group
d. repeated measures

Answer: repeated measures

Which one of the following accurately describes a disadvantage of specifically using a pretest-posttest design?

Which one of the following accurately describes a disadvantage of specifically using a pretest-posttest design?

a. This design does not allow you to rule out regression effects.
b. If participants drop out, you no longer have equal groups.
c. A pretest introduces a new confound of participant mortality.
d. A pretest can sensitize the participants to the manipulation.

Answer: A pretest can sensitize the participants to the manipulation.

To control for order effects in a repeated measures design, you should ideally use

To control for order effects in a repeated measures design, you should ideally use

a. a long time interval between conditions.
b. an independent groups design.
c. counterbalancing techniques.
d. a reversal design.

Answer: counterbalancing techniques.