Vince believes Gerald is a jerk, so Vince ignores Gerald and does not invite him to any of his parties. Gerald begins to be rude to Vince and talks about him behind his back. Assuming Gerald's behaviour is only a reaction to how Vince treated him in the first place, this is an example of
a. external attribution.
b. a self-fulfilling prophecy.
c. stereotyping.
d. scapegoating
Answer: b